1. U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School The U.S. Army’s Special Operations Center of Excellence The overall classification of this brief is: UNCLASSFIED Briefer: Type of Brief: Date: Version: NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation Briefers: CPT Norris, MAJ Rizky, SFC Jimenez, SFC Carrick, SSG Cobb, SGT Chalifoux Information Brief 1 May 2015

2. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Purpose: Present a information brief on N. Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation Agenda Introduction Problem statement Background Latest Development Obama Administration Recent North Korea Behavior Internal Situation Missile Program Cyber Security Human Rights U.S. Engagement Activities Summary/Conclusion Purpose and Agenda

3. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Negotiations span 3 administrations Most vexing and persistent problem Until 2009, $1.2 billion in aid Serious Concerns Security Nuclear Political Human Rights Shattered economy causes worries “Allied” with China Introduction

4. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Authoritarian regime with nuclear power Little is known about Kim Jong-Un War would devastate peninsula Global impact Fragile relationship Shattered economy Continue sanctions Nothing to lose mentality Ideal outcome - Reunification Problem Statement

5. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF 1986 start-up of plutonium production Withdrawal from Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Agreed framework Light water reactor nuclear power plant Heavy fuels Failure to comply Bush confronts N. Korea Agreement dissolved 2003 Six-Party Talks Background

6. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Bilateral outreach Emissaries to Seoul Potentially opening up to international community Released 3 U.S. detainees Japanese Investigations Beijing relations Beijing as a lifeline to avoid N. Korea’s collapse U.N. accuses N. Korea of human rights violations International Criminal Court Latest Development

7. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Strategic Patience Bring Pyongyang to the negotiating table Maintain pressure UN sanctions Executive orders Key tenants De-nuclearize Mend relations with Seoul Work with key allies Convince China to take a tougher stance on N. Korea U.S. seeks comprehensive package Under right conditions Obama Administration Policy

8. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Recent N. Korean Behavior 2009: February 24, 2009 - Warning by The United States, Japan and South Korea April 5, 2009 -North Korea launches the three-stage Unha-2 rocket May 25, 2009: North Korea conducts its second underground nuclear test June 12, 2009 The UN Security Council expands sanctions against Pyongyang

9. Recent N. Korean Behavior 2010: January 24, 2010: Pyongyang threatens war with South Korea March 26, 2010: The South Korean patrol ship Cheonan is sunk November 23, 2010: North Korea fires artillery rounds at the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong

10. 2011: October 24-25, 2011: The United States and North Korea talks in Geneva. 2012: Leap Day Agreement. April 13, 2012: Failed weather satellite launch December 12, 2012: The Unha-3 launch succeeded. 2013: January 24, 2013: N. Korea announces another test March 7, 2013: U.N. announces further sanctions Recent N. Korean Behavior

11. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Un Man of the people Improve quality of life Connects with public Seen as young and modern Dennis Rodman & Globetrotters (2013) The People’s Situation Socialism Poverty Malnutrition Indoctrination against U.S. North Korean Internal Situation

12. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Leadership and State Institutions Uncertainly in change Replacement of Inner Circle Execution of Jang Song-thaek (2013) Sphere of Information Access to the Outside World S.K. led Balloon Drops Believed this will free N.K. North Korean Internal Situation

13. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Relations with China Progress delayed after execution Special Economic Zones (SEZ) N.K. failing state South Korea Reunification surveys Modernization S.K. will lead reform if N. Korea Falls North Korean Internal Situation

14. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Cyber Warfare North Korean Cyber Attacks Doubled since last year- 6,000 strong and growing Effective attacks South Korean banks, military, power plants, and businesses Sony Pictures “Dark Seoul” Responses Sanctions and shut down of North Korean internet Silicone Valley Department of Homeland Security

15. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF North Korean Missile Program Short and Medium Range Missile Capability 700+/- Russian missiles Long Range in progress 2012 successful launch of satellite into orbit Previous 4 were failure For N. Korea to develop a ICBM would take 3-5 years and minimum 12 tests Enrichment facilities doubled Sales Egypt, Iran, Libya, Burma, Pakistan, Syria, UAE, and Yemen Key source of Currency BMD South Korea THAAD Chinese objection

16. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Human rights violations Atrocities conducted including torture, freedom of religion “Labor Training Centers” or “Collection Centers” No food, segregated living, prisoner placement within camp is dependent on the crime N. Korea’s population starving (exception = elite, military gov’t off.) Human Rights Record

17. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Human Rights, a world wide concern Durable humanitarian option – G.W. Bush’s intent The role Mr. Richard King U.S. Asylum project Implementation: Neighbors accepting NK refugees Supporting prisoner defects Educate the oppressed population Yearly budget of NHKRA NGO’s that help with the HR issue N. Korea Human Rights Act

18. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF BBG broadcasts 10 hrs/day utilizing mid and low wave freqs Programs like VOA and RFA fund/broadcast propaganda into NK Utilizes existing radio stations to facilitate Censorship is strictly enforced NK gov’t alters official radios in an attempt to regulate information flow Radio Broadcasts

19. U.S. Engagement Activities In North Korea U.S. assistance to North Korea From 1995 to 2009, $1.2 billion worth of food and energy needs. Aid was cancelled North Korea was continuing development and testing of nuclear weapons. POW-MIA Recovery Operations Thousands of American service members still missing since The Korean War Investigations were ongoing from 1996 to 2005. Department of Defense call this an “enduring priority in need of cooperation.”

20. U.S. Engagement Activities In North Korea Establishing a liaison office In North Korea Logical step for mutual diplomacy Points to shared interest in solving issues by way of expert discussion Currently, no such offices exists Non-Government Organization activities Since the 1990’s, famine has been the main reason for NGO aid Mercy Corps, Christian Friends of Korea and Nuclear Threat Initiative NGO’s can maintain positive relationships during times of conflict Promote peace through ties

21. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF N. Korea is nearly a failed state Security, Political, Social issues All directly related to key tenants of NSS Authoritarian regime rules by pride China is a lifeline Unlikely war, cataclysmic potential A unified response to bring N. Korea into a position where they admit they need help Convince Beijing to stand strong Dismantle nuclear program Allow international benefits Summary

22. UNCLASSFIED NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF Questions and Comments

23. U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School The U.S. Army’s Special Operations Center of Excellence The overall classification of this brief is: UNCLASSFIED Briefer: Type of Brief: Date: Version: NON-OPERATIONAL STUDENT EXERCISE BRIEF North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation Briefers: CPT Norris, MAJ Rizky, SFC Jimenez, SFC Carrick, SSG Cobb, SGT Chalifoux Information Brief 1 May 2015