1. Bellwork Write Questions 1.What do you think makes a good speech? List three qualities. 2. What do you think are your strong and weak points as a presenter? (2 each=total 4)

2. Public Speaking 101

3. Importance of Public Speaking 1.) Promotes critical thinking – Make an informed judgment based on evidence 2.) Advances career goals 3.) Enables civic discourse – Conversation intended to enhance understanding 4.) Provides a sense of empowerment – Feeling of the ability to attain goals

4. History of Public Speaking Aristotle: Father of rhetoric – Purpose: to attain a goal using persuasive tactics According to Aristotle – Evidence in persuasive messages is most effective in the source’s Ethos: Ethics (Credibility) Pathos: Emotions Logos: Logic

5. Public Speaking Public speaking is the art, process, or act of effectively addressing the public to inform, persuade or entertain

6. Types of Speeches 1.) Informative Speech-speech to educate an audience about a topic 2.) Persuasive Speech-speech that attempts to sway the attitudes, beliefs or values of an audience 3.) Entertaining speech-speech making fun of people, institutions or events to solicit humorous feedback

7. Sample Outline I. Introduction – Thesis – Should be memorable II. Body – support arguments III. Conclusion – review

8. Types of Communication Verbal Communication – The practice of all varieties of speech and writing Non-verbal communication – Facial expressions, body movements, gestures and appearance that take place during the transmission and reception of messages Most communication, or as much as 65% of communication is non-verbal

9. Summary/Reflection Write a 2-3 sentence summary (facts) and reflection (thoughts/feelings/learned) of the notes.

10. Bellwork: Write Questions 1.) What is the primary purpose of an informative speech? 2.) Define ethos, pathos, logos? 3.) What are the two types of communication?

11. A Good Speech clear, well reasoned, articulate, thoughtful, compelling, witty, touching, convincing, believable…

12. Fear of Public Speaking Communication Apprehension-the fear of speaking to others – Communication anxiety is universal (common)

13. Fear of Public Speaking Manifested Physical Symptom: dry throat, nausea, sweating, changing colors, shaking hands and/or legs, cold hand Psychological Symptoms: avoid eye contact with audience, forgetting the speech, gazing at the floor, ceiling

14. Strategies to Reduce Fear Know your audience Prepare – research, outline Know your speech – practice Have Presence – Body language, positive attitude Don’t Apologize for your apprehension Concentrate on the message (not your fear)

15. Things You Shouldn’t Do Read directly from notes Read directly from screen Turn back on audience Slouch, hands in pockets No um, ah, you know’s No nervous gestures Talk too fast, Talk too quietly

16. Things You Should Do Eye contact Can glance at notes Appropriate gestures Rhetorical questions to involve audience

17. Public Speaking and Conversation Conversation: oral communication with family, friends, co-workers Similarities between public speaking and conversation – Are planned Conversation: carefully choose your words Public speaking: more planning than conversation (topic, research, delivery)

18. Differences Most conversations are spur-of-the- moment Conversations use informal language (slang); public speaking is more formal and structured Proximity: physical closeness may be absent during public speaking Back and forth exchange of messages in conversation is missing in public speaking

19. Multi-Cultural Environment Ethnocentrism: belief in the superiority of one’s group or culture over all other groups or cultures – Problems of Ethnocentrism Failure to take into account difference between self and audience Failure to take steps to become more sensitive to cultural, ethnic and racial differences of your listener

20. Tips to Avoid Ethnocentrism Use support material appropriate to a variety of listeners – Ex: Visual Aide Help overcome cultural and language barriers Pay attention to audience feedback