1. SSWH4

2.  As the Christian church grew throughout the Roman world, the challenges the church faced changed:  Church leaders became politically powerful  The church struggled to keep believers unified on many arguments about their beliefs:  Source of the Holy Spirit  Should communion be served with unleavened bread  The power of the Pope  Icons

3.  Step 1:  Patriarch (church leader) of Constantinople orders all Latin-speaking churches to be shut down.  Step 2:  The Pope (in Rome) sent representatives to Constantinople demanding that the Patriarch to recognize the authority of the Pope and the church in Rome.  Step 3:  The Patriarch refused, and the Pope’s representatives excommunicated him (kicked him out of the church).

4. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHEASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH  Capital : Rome  Had been the capital of the Empire and Christianity had flourished there.  Leadership: Pope  Claimed universal jurisdiction over all matters dealing with the Christian church  Capital: Constantinople  Had been the capital of the first Roman Emperor to embrace Christianity  Leadership: Patriarch  Seen as the first among orthodox bishops = does not claim as much power as the Pope

5. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHEASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH

6. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHEASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH  Language:  Continued to use Latin as the church’s official language  Beliefs:  Icons:  The RCC believed that objects called Icons that held religious importance could be honored without being worshipped  Language:  Since the majority of Christians in the East did not speak Latin, the church began to use Greek.  Beliefs:  Icons:  The EOC believed that any honor paid to “icons” was a form of idolatry (worshipping false gods).

7.  On your graphic organizer, fill the blanks with the missing terms and definitions.  Not for a grade. Take it honestly, because this will determine whether or not you are ready to move on.

9.  The split of the Catholic Church in 1054:  West = Roman Catholic Church (Rome)  East = Eastern Orthodox Church (Constantinople)  Causes:  Disagreement over the power of the Pope  Disagreement over the use of icons in the church

10.  Leader of the Catholic / Roman Catholic Church.  Has “universal jurisdiction” over all matters dealing with the church.  Authority not recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church

11.  Leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church  Not as powerful as the Catholic Pope  Seen as first among the Orthodox bishops, so his power is limited.  Authority not recognized by the Roman Catholic Church

12.  Images (statues, paintings, murals etc.) of religious events or figures that were incorporated into Catholic church practices.  Eastern Orthodox Christians opposed this practice as a form of idol worship.  One of the main causes of the Great Schism

13. Iconoclasm

14.  “Now, in order that perfection be represented before the eyes of all people, even in paintings, we ordain that from now on Christ our God, the Lamb who took upon Himself the sins of the world, be set up, even in images according to His human character, instead of the ancient Lamb. Through this figure we realize the height of the humiliation of God the Word and are led to remember His life in the flesh, His suffering, and His saving death, and the redemption ensuing from it for the world.”  Justinian II (692 AD)

15.  “The divine nature is completely uncircumscribable and cannot be depicted or represented in any medium whatsoever. The word Christ means both God and Man, and an icon of Christ would therefore have to be an image of God in the flesh of the Son of God. But this is impossible. The artist would fall either into the heresy which claims that the divine and human natures of Christ are separate or into that which holds that there is only one nature of Christ.”  Statement from the Council of Hiera (754 AD)