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Reconstruction What to do with the south after the war?
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Objective SWBAT Describe the three plans for reconstruction Explain the purpose and intent of “Black Codes”
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Warm-Up Working With Documents I am going to show you a document. 1.Who issued this document? 2.When was it issued? 3.What kind of document is this? 4.What purpose does this document serve?
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What you must know How did the three plans for reconstruction differ from each other? What were Black Codes? How did reconstruction transition from Lincoln’s control to Congressional Control?
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Lincoln’s Plan The most lenient plan, but never enacted. Offered a pardon to any southerner who would take an oath of allegiance and accept the federal policy on slavery Denied pardons to all military and government officials. Especially those that killed African American Soldier POW’s. After 10% of the people in a state swore the oath, the state would be allowed to rewrite its constitution. Leading to full participation in the Union. (States treated as if they never left) Did not require the south to give voting rights to African Americans or do anything for them.
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How it all went down The war ends early April 1865 Lincoln is assassinated April 14, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president Since congress is in recess he has time, about 8 months, to implement his Presidential Reconstruction plan.
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Black Codes Since Johnson’s plan was so weak on what to do for African Americans, southern states began to enact “Black Codes” Black Codes were law’s that were designed to restrict the rights of African Americans Curfews Vagrancy Laws Labor Contracts Land Restrictions
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Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction) Moderately Lenient Offered a pardon to any southerner who would take an oath of allegiance and accept the federal policy on slavery. Military and government leaders could request pardons in writing to the President, but few were given. Each state would be allowed to rewrite its constitution. (no 10% allegiance requirement) Leading to full participation in the Union. (States treated as if they never left) States were required to give up the right to succeed, abolish slavery, and agree to not pay confederate debts. Did not require the south to give voting rights to African Americans or do anything for them.
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1866 First Civil Rights Act (Congress worried that it would be struck down by the courts) 14 th Amendment created to counteract the Black Codes Radical Republicans big winners in the 1866 Congressional Elections. The Power Struggle Begins
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Congressional Reconstruction Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Punishment: Places the south under military rule Demanded new state constitutions and elections Required voting rights for African Americans Disenfranchised former confederates Required the confederate states to ratify the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments
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Military Reconstruction Act March 1867 Did away with Johnson’s reconstruction programs Divides the south into 5 military districts Each state had to write an approved constitution and adopt the 14 th amendment. Gives the right to vote to all adult male citizens.
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Other Congressional Acts Command of the Army Act Required all Presidential Orders for the Army to go through the General of the Army Tenure of Office Act Requires Senate approval before the President could fire any government official that the Senate had approved of.
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Impeachment!!! February 21, 1868 Johnson fires Secretary of War Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act The house of representatives votes to impeach (bring charges against) President Johnson. There is a trial in the Senate and Johnson is found not guilty by one vote. Johnson serves as a lame duck for the remainder of his term.
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Johnson’s Impeachment Trial
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Reconstruction By 1870 all Former Confederate States had rejoined the Union. Carpet Baggers: Northerners who moved south to make a profit or to take advantage of opportunities in the south. Scalawags: White southerners who collaborated with the Republicans on reconstruction.
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Republican Programs Public Schools Hospitals Roads Bridges Railroads Repealing Black Codes High Taxes
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The Grant Presidency Elected in 1868 Grant himself was considered to be very honest However his advisors were very corrupt Graft: Getting Money Illegally through politics Reelected for 2 nd term 1872 Panic of 1873
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Southern Resistance Illegal Resistance Ku Klux Klan Social Pressure Legal Resistance Political Maneuvering, by 1876 southern Democrats had gained significant strength in state and local governments driving Republicans out.
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Civil War Amendments 13 th.Amendment: Abolishes Slavery 14 th. Amendment: Due Process, Equal Protection Under the Law 15 th. Amendment: Specified that the right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of race, color, or prior servitude.
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The Freedman’s Bureau Set up by Congress to: Feed and clothe war refugees in the south using the Armies’ surplus supplies Help African Americans find work Negotiate pay and hours worked for African Americans Set up schools and colleges for training African American Teachers
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End of Reconstruction By 1876 Democrats had regained control of most state governments The south is still an occupied land
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Election of 1876 Republican Rutherford B. Hayes v. Democrat Samuel Tilden Election plagued by voter fraud Neither captures a majority of electoral votes
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Compromise of 1877 Hayes will become President Hayes will appoint a Democrat as Postmaster General Hayes agrees to pull Federal Troops out of the south bringing reconstruction to an end.
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The Freedman’s Bureau Set up by Congress to: Feed and clothe war refugees in the south using the Armies’ surplus supplies Help African Americans find work Negotiate pay and hours worked for African Americans Set up schools and colleges for training African American Teachers
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End of Reconstruction By 1876 Democrats had regained control of most state governments The south is still an occupied land
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Election of 1876 Republican Rutherford B. Hayes v. Democrat Samuel Tilden Election plagued by voter fraud Neither captures a majority of electoral votes
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Compromise of 1877 Hayes will become President Hayes will appoint a Democrat as Postmaster General Hayes agrees to pull Federal Troops out of the south.
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Something to think about Was reconstruction a success or a failure? Why or why not?
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