2. Taken From: Adams, Julian &Kenneth Stratton. Press Time. Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs. 1985.

3.  Journalism › writing and dissemination of that which is considered to be “news”  Reporter › gathers and writes  Editor › responsible for content. A boss. – Editor in Chief = CEO

4.  Mass communication – › distribution of words, pictures, ideas to large groups of people. – gossip vs. journalism  Media › plural of medium. – channel of communication  Commentary › Interpretation. “Qualified” observer. – end of broadcast or editorial page

5.  Documentary › Film. – In-depth analysis  Equal Time Law › Equal time must be given to “legitimate” election opponents.  Fairness Doctrine › Media outlet must present all sides of an issue › Recinded 1987  Federal Communications Commission › Regulates portions of the media. – issues fines.

6.  Lead › Opening of article. 1 st paragraph. Often only 1 sentence.  Headline › Title above story. Not a full sentence. Different author.  Body › Rest of the article after the lead.  Cutoff Test › If last paragraphs are removed, does the article still make sense?

7.  The 5W’s and the H. › Answered in the article. Not necessarily in the lead  Key Thought › The most important fact within the story. – what the story is really about.  Summary Lead › Contains more than 1 key thought.  Novelty Lead › Grabs attention rather than present key info.

8.  Inverted Pyramid › Standard organizational structure. › Facts in article go from most important to least.  Chronological Story › Not as common › Facts told in order in which they occurred.  Composite Story › Story with more than one key thought.

9.  Angle › One of several approaches towards a newsworthy topic. › The direction from which you approach the topic.  Editorializing › Expressing of opinion in a news story  Misquote › Don’t do it!

10.  News English › The proper style of writing for a newspaper article. “direct, lively and vigorous”  Direct Quote › Exact words. Use quotation marks.  Indirect Quote › The gist, point, or idea expressed by someone, but not in his/her exact words. No quotation marks, but credit is given.

11.  Publication Date › Date of distribution. Write from that perspective.  Style Book › “Set of rules governing newspaper writing style” – creates uniformity. Removes ambiguity.

12.  Nearness, Timeliness and Importance › The text book criteria for determining the newsworthiness of a story.  Human Interest › Deals with people that are intriguing or entertaining. › Often taps into our emotion  Use of Humor › Be Careful! Only attempt if you are a trained professional  Beats / Runs › Place or source where a reporter regularly goes and covers.

13.  News Source › A person who gives info about an event  Catch Line › Pre-Headline working title for an article  Future Book › Loose Leaf folder with page for each issue of a school paper. Write down assignment ideas. – upcoming events etc…  Advance Stories › Published prior to an event taking place  Follow Up › Published after an event occurs

14.  Tip › Suggestion for a story. A heads up or secret.  Interview › What you need to do a lot of!  Clipping Files / Morgue › Collection of previously run and old articles. Good source of info.

15.  Censorship › Government or outside forces preventing the publication of something. – Unconstitutional*  Shield Laws › Protect journalists from being forced to reveal sources. Don’t always hold up in court.  Libel › Writing that exposes someone to unjust public ridicule or unfairly damages his / her reputation.

16.  Privilege › Accurately reported information obtained from public record is fair game.  Fair Comment and Criticism › Public performances of public figures is fair game. – But, you never know.  Copyright › Legal right of an author that prevents anyone from copying his / her written work without permission.  Fact vs. Opinion › Sometimes hard to tell the difference

17.  Slanted News › Presenting the news in a biased way  Managed News › When the powers above try to influence the way that the news is presented. – Slanted from above.  Propaganda › The widespread attempt to influence people’s thinking or behavior.

18.  Interpretive Articles › Detailed analysis of a news item. Numerous facts and quoted opinions. (Not to be confused with Interpretive dance.)  Byline › The author of the story  Investigative Reporting › Uncovering information. Looking into the background of a story to find out “the truth.”

19.  Spread › Headline that stretches across multiple columns › 2 facing pages in a newspaper  News Peg › Specific event around which a feature story or opinion piece is based

20.  Penny Press › Inexpensive, readable papers – mass appeal. – Around 1830  Linotype › 19 th century Invention that greatly accelerated the printing process. – Wider circulation.  Yellow Journalism › Sensationalizing the story to sell the paper. › William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer › The Yellow Kid

21.  Newspaper Chains › Group of newspapers owned by the same company. Hearst and Edward W. Scripps  Circulation › The number of papers sold. › USA Today – 2.5 million - #1 › Philadelphia Inquirer – 705,965 - #8 (http://www.infoplease.com) › The Pottstown Mercury – 23,247 (http://www.nationwideadvertising.com)http://www.nationwideadvertising.com › The Daily Coruscant - 3.68 Billion

22.  Folio Line › Line at top of page (except front page) that gives info: name of paper, date, page number etc…  Double Truck › (Centerfold) – The two pages in the very center of the paper that face one another.  Gutter › Margin along the inside edge of a page.  Serif › Little lines at the ends of letters

23.  Sans Serif › Font without serifs. More simplistic look.  Justified Lines › Type spaced out so as to line up evenly on both the right and the left side of the page.  Pulled Quote › Important quote from story printed in large type in order to attract attention.  Reverse Type › White type on a black background.

24.  Page Dummy › Sketch or mockup of a page in order to figure out the layout.  Jump Story › Story that jumps from one page to another. (“Continued on A9”)  Skyline Streamer › (Overplay) Story above the nameplate.  Mug shot › Photo of just a person’s face

25.  Correspondent › Reporter stationed far away from home office. – Often in another country.  News Briefs › Single paragraph article outlining a news event. Usually a bunch grouped together.  Eye-witness Reporting › Gathering info by actually being at the event.  Spot News › Unexpected news story. Reported while unfolding. Karlie

26.  Editorial › Article explaining the newspaper’s stance on a given issue.  Editorial Page › contains editorials columns, political cartoons. Usually near back of Section A of paper.  Editorial Board › Staff members who determine the paper’s position on debatable or controversial issues.

27.  “Editorial We” › The perspective from which an editorial is written; therefore there is no byline (author).  Editorial Cartoon › Utilizes drawing / artwork to comment on and often satirize a current event or issue.  Editor – in – Chief › Responsible for the newspaper as a whole. The ‘CEO.

28.  Editorial Campaign › Widespread and concerted effort on the part of a paper’s staff to promote an idea or opinion.  Editorializing › The writer inserting his / her opinion into an article.

29.  Headline › The title of an article  Headline Characteristics › Short › Attention - Grabbing › Present Tense › Strongly worded › Contains the key thought › No Articles – eliminate “a” and “the”

30.  Headline Schedule › The various fonts, marks and spaces that can be used to construct a headline.  Flush Left Headline › Lines up with the left side of the column  Single Column Headline › Runs across just one column › Formal and traditional look  Horizontal Makeup › Layout that utilizes headlines, pictures etc.. that extend across two or more columns.

31.  Spread › Headline that runs across 2-4 columns. › Or – two facing pages  Deck › One level in a series of headlines above a story  Subhead › One-line bold faced head line placed in between paragraphs.