1. The Hebrews

2. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
A. Abraham – Father of Judaism (1900 BC)
1. Abraham was a herder and trader in Sumer and worshiped many gods
2. God (Yahweh) appeared before Abraham one day and told Abraham “to go and raise a great nation” to the East.

3. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
A. Abraham – Father of Judaism (1900 BC)
3. Abraham rejected polytheism and led his followers
east.
a. Settled in Canaan (Just South of Phoenicia)
4. The Hebrew’s were the first people to practice monotheism.
5. The Monotheism of Abraham became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

4. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)

5. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC) B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
1. Descendants of Abraham left Canaan because of a drought and traveled west into Egypt.
2. Eventually the Hebrew’s were enslaved by the Egyptians.

6. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC) B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
3. The Departure from Egypt (The Exodus)
a. Moses(Jewish Prophet)
1. Led the Hebrews out of Egypt and slavery
2. Wandered the desserts of the Sinai Peninsula for 40 years.

7. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC) B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
b. Ten Commandments
1. Moses climbed to the top of Mount Sinai
2. Moses returned to his people with two tablets with commandments
3. These commandments were the moral laws that Yahweh revealed to Moses.

8. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)

9. The Ten Commandments

10. The Ark of the Covenant
This was the carrying case of the 10 commandments & was said to contain magical powers: whatever nation carried this at the head of their army was invincible.

11. II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC) B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
c. The Torah – Jewish sacred text
1. Moses renews covenant with Yahweh while on Mount Sinai
2. First five books of the Old Testament of the Bible

12. III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
Around 1020 BC the Hebrew’s return to Canaan and set up their capital in the city of Jerusalem

13. King David David was a shepherd boy.
Defeated the Giant Philistine Goliath
Became King of the Jews
Established the city of Jerusalem as the capital

14. King Solomon
Super wise king; See the picture above about the judgment over a baby
Son of King David
Made the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
Wrote the books “Psalms” & “Proverbs” in the Bible

15. The Temple

16. The Temple

17. Holy of Holies The inner most sanctum of the Temple
Contained the Ark of the Covenant & 10 Cmmdts

19. Temple Today: Dome of the Rock

21. The Rock Altar where Abraham mad his sacrifice….

22. Western Wall: Whaling Wall

23. The Kingdom of Israel Fractured
Peak of civilization BC under David and Solomon
900 BC, split into Israel (North) and Judah (South)

24. The 12 Tribes of Israel
Israel falls to Assyrians- “10 lost tribes”, Judah remains, “Israelites” become “Jews”

25. III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
B. The Exile – expulsion from their native land of Canaan
1. In 597 BC, The Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar) conquered Jerusalem
2. Most of the Hebrews are taken back to Babylon to be slaves
3. The removal of Hebrews from Canaan is called The Exile.

26. III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
C. Diaspora – dispersion or scattering
1. In 539 BC, the Persians conquered the
Babylonians
2. Some Jews stay in Babylon
3. Some Jews return to Jerusalem to start a new Jewish Community
4. Other Jews migrated to other areas in the
Middle East

27. III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan

28. Where did the Jews go?
Middle Ages- Jews in Europe divided into Ashkenazim (in Christian Europe- developed Yiddish w/ Hebrew and German)
Sephardim (in Muslim areas- more freedom, secular)

29. Where did the Jews Go? (Part 2)
The Golden Age — The Jews in Spain The years either side of 1000 CE were the golden age of the Jews in Spain. Coexisting happily with the country’s Islamic rulers the Jews developed a flourishing study of Science, Hebrew literature and the Talmud. Despite an attempt to forcibly convert all Jews to Islam in 1086, this golden age continued. At around this time the first Jews are recorded in Britain.

30. 1492 AD Jews Expelled from Spain
Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue
Reconquista: Took Spain back from Jews
Spanish Inquisition: got rid of non-christians
Jews fled to Morocco and other parts of Europe

31. Persecution!!! The Jews became persecuted
They became scapegoats for many problems
They were very successful at time when others were not so leaders blamed them in order to unify their people.

32. The Holocaust
The Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler rounded up all of the Jews (& others) into concentration camps and executed them on a mass scale.
6 million Jews were killed in the holocaust!

33. The State of Israel Borders created by United Nations Mandate
1945 after WW2 created a home for Jews after Holocaust
Used Historical lands