1. Scientific Identification & Classification

2. Plant Parts Leaves Stems Roots Flowers

3. Leaves-External Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf Midrib-the large center vein Veins-the structural framework of the leaf Margin-the edge of the leaf

4. Leaves-External

5. Leaf Retention Evergreen-Leaves stay on the plant all year long Deciduous-Leaves will fall off during the dormant periods Herbaceous-leaves and stems die back at the end of the season

6. Leaf Type

7. Awls Scales Needles

8. Leaf Shapes CordateElliptical Ovate SpatulateDeltoid LanceolateLiner

9. Leaf Margin

10. Leaf Arrangement AlternateOppositeWhorled

11. Vein Pattern

12. Bracts – modified leaves to attract pollinators Sessile – leaves without a petiole bract Real Flower

13. What are the functions of leaves? Capture light Exchange gases through respiration Provide a site for photosynthesis Some leaves store food and water Release water through transpiration cooling the plant

14. Stems Movement of Materials Support of the leaves and reproductive structures Food storages Reproduction with stem cuttings or grafting

15. Stems-External Lenticels Bud scale scars Leaf Scars Terminal bud Axillary or lateral bud

16. Thorns & Prickles Thorn Prickle

17. Modified Stems Stolon Tuber Cladophyll

18. Root Functions Anchor the plant and hold it upright Absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the stem Store large quantities of plant food Propagate or reproduce some plants

19. Roots-External Root cap-indicates growth of new cells Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals Root images from a rice plant

20. Root Types Fibrous Roots Tap Root

21. Taproots Advantages Penetrates deeper Obtain water from other levels Anchor plant Disadvantages Difficult to remove or harvest do not stabilize well

22. Primary Roots Grow down into the soil and may branch repeatedly into lateral roots Taproot is a primary root

23. Fibrous Advantages Shallower, better for fertilization & Water Stabilize in soil better Disadvantage Less drought resistant Tend to get exposed during cultivation

24. Fibrous Root Root structures in which the primary and lateral roots develop equally so there is not a definite taproot.

25. Adventitious Came from stems or leaves instead of another root Prop root of corn and grapes are examples that give support

27. Storage Roots Are structures such as those of carrots and sweet potatoes which are used for food storage.

28. What do stems and roots have in common? Both have xylem and phloem cells for transport.

29. Flowers Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers Stamen-male part of the flower Pistil-female part of the flower

30. Flowers

31. Parts of the Stamen Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells

32. Parts of the Pistil Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized

33. Complete-vs-Incomplete Complete flowers have both male and female parts Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

34. Monoeciuos All male or all female flowers on plant Examples: Hollies or Ginkgo MaleFemale

35. Dioecious Male and female, imperfect flowers on same plant Examples: Squash & Pumpkin

36. Flower Types CorymbsPanicle Spike

37. Flower Types Umbel Head

38. Plant Parts-Fruit Cones Nut (acorn) Clusters or drupes (raspberry) Capsules (willow) Samara (maple)

39. Fruits and Nuts Cones Acorns Cluster Drupe

40. Fruits and Nuts Samara Capsule Pome

41. Life Cycle Annual-a plant that lives for only 1 year or less Biennial-a plant that lives for 2 years, usually flowering in the second year Perennial-a plant that lives for more than 2 years

42. Growth Habits Trees: greater than 12 feet tall Shrubs: less than 12 feet tall Vines: a plant that climbs & spreads

43. Growth Habits House Plant: plant grown indoors Bedding Plant: a plant used in flowering beds

44. Forms of Plants: Growth Pattern Spreading Weeping Columnar

45. Growth Forms Round Oval Pyramidal