1. Rise of Islam

2. A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad
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What is Islam?
A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad
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3. One God: (Allah= Arabic world for God Judgment Day
Basic Beliefs of Islam
One God: (Allah= Arabic world for God
Judgment Day
Acceptance of prophets, including Moses and Jesus
Muhammad was the last prophet by God

4. 570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca (Makkah)
Founding of Islam
570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca (Makkah)
The Prophet Muhammad
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5. Founding of Islam
610 AD Muhammad was told by a vision of the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet so began preaching in Mecca
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6. Muhammad receiving the message from Gabriel
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7. Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade route
Founding of Islam
Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade route
622 AD: Muhammad fled to Medina (Madinah) because of threats to his life
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8. Spread of Islam from Mecca to Medina 570 AD to 622 AD
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9. 630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted
Founding of Islam
630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted
632 AD: Muhammad died in Medina (Madinah)
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10. As part of the Islam, all true Muslims must perform five duties:
Five Pillars
As part of the Islam, all true Muslims must perform five duties:
1. Affirmation of faith
2. Prayer
3. Almsgiving
4. Fasting
5. Pilgrimage
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11. Affirmation of Faith
The duty to recite the creed: “There is nothing worthy of worship save Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”
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12. The duty to pray to God five times each day (facing Mecca)
Prayer
The duty to pray to God five times each day (facing Mecca)
“The rewards for the prayers which are performed by people assembled together are double of those which are said at home.”
From The Sunnah
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13. The duty to give away alms and to help the needy
Almsgiving
The duty to give away alms and to help the needy
“A man's giving in alms one piece of silver in his lifetime is better for him than giving one hundred when about to die.”
From The Sunnah
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14. The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan
Fasting
The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan
“A keeper of fasts, who does not abandon lying and slandering, God cares not about his leaving off eating and drinking.”
From The Sunnah
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15. The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime
Pilgrimage
The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime
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16. Islamic Holy Book Quran (Koran)
“Read the Qur'an constantly; I swear by him in the hands of whose might is my life, verily the Qur'an runneth away faster than a camel which is not tied by the leg.”
From The Sunnah
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17. Holy City: Mecca
Mecca (Birthplace of Muhammad)
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18. Spread of Islamic Civilization

19. Where did Islam spread?
Islamic religion spread rapidly over great distances: Syria, Iraq, Jerusalem, Egypt, Persia, Spain, Asia Minor, Russia, and India

20. Quran instructed them to spread their faith.
Why??
Quran instructed them to spread their faith.
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22. 635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria
Expansion
635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria
637 AD: Muslim Conquest of Iraq
638 AD: Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem
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23. 641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt 649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia
Expansion
641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt
649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia
718 AD: Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) mostly occupied by Muslims
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Expansion ceases
732 AD: Battle of Tours
**Muslims were defeated** and Islamic expansion into Europe stopped
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Tours is a city located in France.
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28. Turks seize most of Asia Minor from Byzantine
11th Century
Turks seize most of Asia Minor from Byzantine
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29. Tatars conquer Russia, converted to Islam
13th Century
Tatars conquer Russia, converted to Islam
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30. Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks, End of Byzantine Empire
1453
Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks, End of Byzantine Empire
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31. The Split in Islam

32. Split of Islam
656 AD - two groups split over how the religious leaders should be chosen;
Shi’ite (Shi’a)
Sunni
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33. SHIITE (Shi’a)
Mostly in Iraq & Iran
Thought leader must be related to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima & Ali
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34. The 12 Imams, believed to be descendants of Muhammad daughter Fatima and son-in-Law Ali and the infallible true leaders of Islam.
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35. Leader should be any devout Muslim that the Muslims would accept
SUNNI
Majority of Muslims
Leader should be any devout Muslim that the Muslims would accept
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36. Shi’a v Sunni
Two groups fought each other; Sunni won & began the 1st Muslim Empire: The Umayyad Empire
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37. Official language = Arabic
Umayyad Empire ( AD)
Sunni influenced.
Official language = Arabic
Moved capital to Damascus, Syria (strategically located).
Conquered land to the Indus River (Pakistan), North Africa, & Spain
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40. Islamic expansion ceases
UMAYYAD EMPIRE EXPANSION CEASES FOLLOWING LOSS AT THE BATTLE OF TOURS IN FRANCE (732AD)
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41. Abbasids defeated Umayyad in 750 AD
Abbasids vs. Umayyad
Abbasids defeated Umayyad in 750 AD
Built a new capital in Baghdad, Iraq
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42. The non-shaded region shows the Abbasid Caliphate
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43. The Muslim World fractures
Beginning in 800 AD Islamic Empire began to break up and by 1000 AD only controlled area around Baghdad.
Fracture to Autonomous Dynasties:
Faced internal problems such as; financial, political, social, and military
Local governors act independently to central authority
Local authorities begin to act as individual provinces or states
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44. Cultural Contributions
Architecture (ex: Dome of the Rock, mosques)
Islamic Civilization preserved and extended ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian Learning
Mosaics
Arabic alphabet
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45. Dome of the Rock
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46. Mosque in Istanbul
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Islamic Mosaics
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49. Cultural Contributions and Achievements
Universities
Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
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50. Students in the ancient Islamic University
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51. Scientific achievements
Arabic numerals (adapted from India), including zero
Medicine
Expansion of geographic knowledge
Astronomy
Algebra
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52. Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis)
Abu al-Qasim (Abulcasis), the father of modern surgery, performed surgeries under inhalant anesthesia, and invented the plaster and many surgical instruments.
Pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation = pharmacology
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53. Medicine Al-Razi- Ibn Sina Chief physician at hospital in Baghdad
Compiled a huge medical encyclopedia, explaining diseases so doctors could tell them apart.
Ibn Sina
Scholar and doctor
Wrote the textbook Canon of Medicine
Used in Europe until 1650
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54. Mathematics Al-Khwarizmi Compiled Arabic math book, Algebra
Developed Algebra
Also worked in the field of astronomy and geography
A page from al-Khwārizmī's Algebra
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55. Geography Al-Idrisi Cartographer, geographer, Egyptologist
Sent people to countries to study geographic features
Developed more accurate maps
The Tabula Rogeriana, drawn by al-Idrisi in1154, one of the most advanced ancient world maps. Modern consolidation, created from the 70 double-page spreads of the original atlas.