1. By: Jenna Honneffer HW499

2. Disclaimer Just as a reminder, this presentation is not meant to diagnose, or cure any type of disease. The purpose is solely to inform the participants of natural options that may or may not aid in managing symptoms and side effects of Type 2 Diabetes. Always consult your physician before beginning any complementary or alternative medicine, as there may be negative side effects when combined with prescription medications.

3. Overview  Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the human body  Herbs/botanicals, vitamins, minerals, and other supplements that may benefit diabetics, along with possible side effects and negative interactions with other medications.

4. How Type 2 Diabetes Impacts the Body  Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels)  Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels)  Nerve damage (neuropathy)  If untreated, can start breaking down fat, forming ketones American Diabetes Association. (2014). Hyperglycemia (High blood glucose). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose- control/hyperglycemia.htmlhttp://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose- control/hyperglycemia.html American Diabetes Association. (2014). Hypoglycemia (Low blood glucose). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose- control/hypoglycemia-low-blood.html http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose- control/hypoglycemia-low-blood.html

5. Types of Supplementation  Herbs & Botanicals Grown naturally Whole food, dried and/or pill No additives  Vitamins & Minerals Naturally occurring in the body Usually needed due to deficiency Liquid, pill, or shot form  Other Supplements Antioxidants Essential fatty acids Liquid or pill form

6. Herbs & Botanicals Possible UsesContraindications  Cinnamon- may stabilize glucose levels  Panax Ginseng- glycemic control  Bitter Melon- used to balance blood glucose, and has been compared to Metformin, but isn’t as effective (Kiefer, 2014).  May cause hypoglycemia if too much is taken  May cause overstimulation; and may interact with several kinds of therapies and medications- talk to your doctor first (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)  Should not be used by pregnant women or those allergic to gourds and melons Kiefer, D. (2014). Herbs and supplements for diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2- diabetes/herbs-supplements#Overview1http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2- diabetes/herbs-supplements#Overview1 Schlenker, E., & Roth, S. (2011). William’s essentials of nutrition and diet therapy; 10 th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

7. Other Herbs and Botanicals  Evening Primrose- aids in managing or preventing peripheral neuropathy, but may increase risk of seizures  Fenugreek-glycemic control  Milk thistle-glycemic control  Nettles-may improve glycemic control in those needing insulin therapy (Kianbakht, et al., 2013)  Prickly pear-glycemic control  Aloe vera- may control glucose levels, but more testing is needed.

8. Vitamins and Minerals VitaminsMinerals  Thiamine or B1- may help prevent diabetic complications  Vitamin C- lowers sorbitol, decreasing the damage to eyes, kidneys, and nerves, caused by diabetes  Vitamin D- helps fight infections, which diabetics are prone to getting.  Vitamin E- improves glucose and protects blood vessels and nerves from damage  Chromium- efficient insulin usage  Vanadium- may improve glycemic control  Magnesium-regulates insulin sensitivity

9. Other Supplements  Essential fatty acids Omega 3 and 6 Fermented cod liver oil Ghee  Antioxidants Fruits and vegetables Pill form

10. Final Note  No dosage suggestions Each person is different in his/her needs  Please discuss any supplement you are considering with your doctor and/or herbalist, naturopath, or nutrition specialist.

11. References American Diabetes Association. (2014). Hyperglycemia (High blood glucose). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/living-with- diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hyperglycemia.htmlhttp://www.diabetes.org/living-with- diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hyperglycemia.html American Diabetes Association. (2014). Hypoglycemia (Low blood glucose). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/living-with- diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hypoglycemia-low- blood.htmlhttp://www.diabetes.org/living-with- diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hypoglycemia-low- blood.html Bone, K. (2009). How You Can Benefit From the Three Things I Never Knew About Milk Thistle. Retrieved from http://ahha.org/MilkThistle.htmhttp://ahha.org/MilkThistle.htm Kianbakht, S., Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., and Dabaghian, F. (2013).Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo- controlled clinical trial. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273930 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273930 Kiefer, D. (2014). Herbs and supplements for diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/herbs- supplements#Overview1 http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/herbs- supplements#Overview1 Schlenker, E. and Rother, S. (2011). William’s essentials of nutrition and diet therapy; 10 th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.