1. Lecture 3c- 23 Jan. 2015 CARBOHYDRATES III

2. Overview of lecture 3c  Carbohydrate content of foods -impact of diet on health and disease  Functional foods in the management of health and disease  Nutraceuticals in the management of health and disease  Next lecture-fibre -carbohydrates in health and disease -WHATS NEW IN CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH

3. INTRODUCTION  Different “regular” foods have differing levels of a variety of carbohydrates-can affect bodily function  Functional foods can manage carbohydrates in the body and can affect bodily function  Nutraceuticals can manage carbohydrates in the body and can affect bodily function

4. Foods Glycaemic index  grains (includes breads and pastas)  breads -wheat higher than rye  pastas - lower than breads  rice and pasta about the same as each other

5. Foods continued-glycaemic index continued Vegetables and fruits on average Glycemic index potato > yam legumes > root veggies fruits ~ legumes

6. Foods continued Glycemic index continued milk products ~ fruits on average why? lactose=fructose in glycemic index

7. Foods continued Glycemic index continued meats - very low glycemic index - but do not gorge gorge

8. Functional foods Health Canada definition A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, i.e. they contain bioactive compound.

9. Functional food examples  fish  flax  canola  chicory seed-contains an oligosaccharide

10. Functional food examples http://www.foodfacts.com/NutritionFacts/Bread-and- Flour-Products/Presidents-Choice-Blue-Menu- Multigrain-Flax-Loaf-Bread--oz/37196http://www.foodfacts.com/NutritionFacts/Bread-and- Flour-Products/Presidents-Choice-Blue-Menu- Multigrain-Flax-Loaf-Bread--oz/37196 http://www.countryharvest.com/en/product/sunflowe r-flax-breads/http://www.countryharvest.com/en/product/sunflowe r-flax-breads/

11. Fish increase insulin sensitivity? -perhaps due to  3 fatty acids

12. Canola omega 3 fatty acids -may increase insulin sensitivity

13. Flax omega 3 fatty acids may increase insulin sensitivity

14. Chicory seed example of a resistant carbohydrate affect colonic pH and stool bulking ol BULKING

15. Nutraceuticals Health Canada definition A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with foods. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.

16. Nutraceutical examples  fish oil  flax lignan complex  flax oil  canola oil  evening primrose oil  hemp oil  chondroitin sulphate  glucosamine

17. Fish oil omega 3 fatty acids – increased insulin sensitivity in some studies INCREASE?

18. Flax lignan complex Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside molecule metabolites decrease blood plasma glucose concentrations perhaps via insulin sensitivity increase?

19. Flax oil Omega 3 fatty acid may increase insulin sensitivity?

20. Canola oil Omega 3 fatty acid may insulin sensitivity?

21. Evening primrose oil -omega 6 fatty acids -reduces glucose impact on nerves in diabetes (improves nerve transmission speed)

22. Hemp oil mix of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids speculation-effects as above with omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids

23. Chondroitin sulphate polysaccharide -found in joints-cartilage -reduced in arthritis

24. Glucosamine -polysaccharide linked to nitrogen group -found in cartilage in joints -reduced in arthritis