1. Diabetes Melissa Bess Nutrition and Health Education Specialist FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE WITH FNEP PARTICIPANTS 07/2007

2. Overview Statistics What is diabetes? Blood glucose Types of diabetes Diabetes pyramid/nutrition Relation to other chronic diseases Prevention Are you at risk? Myths about diabetes

3. Statistics 20.8 million children and adults 7% of the population 14.6 million = diagnosed 6.2 million = unaware About equal in men and women 2 to 4 times higher in non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanic/Latino American, American Indian, and Asian/Pacific than non-Hispanic whites 5 th deadliest disease in U.S., no cure

4. What is diabetes? Carbs digested into glucose Glucose = energy for cells Insulin (hormone) “unlocks” cells for glucose In diabetes: –Not enough insulin –Insulin doesn’t work properly Exact cause is mystery but genetics and environment plays a role

5. When things work correctly Glucose enters the cell

6. What goes wrong in diabetes (Slide depicts insulin resistance – Body can’t use insulin)

7. Blood glucose Hypoglycemia –Low blood glucose Hyperglycemia –High blood glucose Fasting blood glucose –Healthy = under 100 –Pre-diabetes = 100-125 –Diabetes – 125 or higher

8. Types of diabetes Type I –Body does NOT produce insulin –5-10% of Americans –Used to be called “juvenile-onset” Type II –Insulin resistance – body doesn’t use insulin properly –May be combined with insulin deficiency –Larger percentage of people –Used to be called “adult-onset”

9. Types of diabetes Gestational diabetes –4% of pregnant women in the U.S. each year –Usually goes away after pregnancy Pre-diabetes –Higher blood glucose levels than normal, but not high enough for diagnosis –54 million Americans –Proper steps can delay or prevent diabetes

10. Symptoms of developing diabetes Extreme thirst Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss Contact a doctor if you exhibit these symptoms

11. Diabetes pyramid/nutrition Source: American Diabetes Association

12. Diabetes pyramid/nutrition Carbs What food groups are higher in carbs? Differences from Mypyramid Serving sizes Heart-healthy eating Fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc.

13. Chronic diseases Those with diabetes: –2x higher risk for heart disease –4x higher risk for stroke Other complications: –Foot problems –Eye problems –Kidney problems –Teeth/gum problems People with diabetes must take care of themselves!

14. Prevention of diabetes Healthy eating Exercise –Exercise helps cell uptake glucose more effectively Lose extra weight Monitor blood glucose

15. Are you at risk? Let’s take the quiz

16. Myths about diabetes Eating too much sugar causes diabetes You should never eat carbs if you have diabetes If you have pre-diabetes, there is nothing you can do to prevent Type II diabetes You can catch diabetes from someone else Sugar raises blood glucose/blood sugar more than other carbs do Herbs and natural supplements can help prevent or treat diabetes

17. For more info American Diabetes Association –www.diabetes.orgwww.diabetes.org National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse –http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/