1. Romantic Era

2. Romantic Era
Music is now unrestrained and sensuous
Music is influenced by politics, wars, and new inventions
New sense of nationalism
Instrumental colors and harmonic techniques become very important
More combinations of instruments being used

3. Happening in America during the Romantic Era
John Tuft’s “Introduction to the Singing of Psalm-Tunes” is the only American Text book until the time of Lowell Mason
Lowell Mason’s innovative methods for teaching singing are referred to as “singing schools”
Singing Schools establish the foundation for music education in the

4. Happening in America During the Romantic Era
1834, Lowell Mason created centers that he referred to as an Academy of music
The subject of music was the first of the expressive or creative arts subjects to be added to the curriculum in the Boston public schools in the year 1838
St. Louis was the first city west of the Mississippi River to add music to its public
curriculum

5. Happening in America During the Romantic Era
Andrew Law developed a system of musical notation that used shape notes for each tone of the scale
Anton Dvorak came to America in the late 1800s. During this time, he composed for the school and community of Spillville, Iowa

6. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1825-The Romantic Era begins
1825- The Erie Canal opens
1826- James Fenimore Cooper writes “Last of the Mohicans”
1827- Ludwig van Beethoven dies on March 27
1827- The Mormon church is founded by Joseph Smith

7. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1827- Lowell Mason moves to Boston to teach in singing-schools
1828- Franz Schubert dies on November 19th at the age of 31
1829- Gioachino Rossini writes the opera “William Tell”
1833- Johannes Brahms is born in Hamburg

8. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1837- Queen Victoria is crowned in England
1838- Music is added to the curriculum of the Boston Public Schools
1839- The New York Philharmonic Society is founded
1840- First incandescent electric bulb is invented

9. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1844- First telegraph message is transmitted
1845- Gabriel Faure is born in Pamiers, France
1846- Felix Mendelssohn writes “Elijah”
1847- Felix Mendelssohn dies in Leipzig
1849- Anton Bruckner writes “Requiem in D-minor”

10. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1851- Herman Melville writes the book “Moby Dick”
1853- Giuseppe Verdi writes the operas “Il Trovatore” and “ La Traviata”
1858- Covent Garden (Royal Opera House) opens in London, England
1861- The Civil War begins in the U.S.

11. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1863- Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address
1864- Lewis Carroll writes “Alice in Wonderland”
1865- The Civil War ends in the United States
1867- Alaska is purchased from Russia

12. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1868- Johannes Brahms writes German Requiem
1868- Gioachino Rossini dies
1869- The first transcontinental railroad is opened
1871- Giuseppe Verdi writes the opera “Aida”
1875- Bizet writes the opera “Carmen”

13. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1876- The telephone is invented by Alexander Graham Bell
1881- Czar Alexander II is assassinated’
1883- Richard Wagner dies on Feb. 13th
1883- The Metropolitan Opera opens in New York
1884- The Bohemian composer, Bedrich Smetna, dies

14. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1886- The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor
1889- The Eiffel Tower is completed in Paris, France
1890- The Belgian composer, Cesar Franck, dies in Paris, France
1891- Sir Authur Conan Doyle writes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

15. Chronology of the Romantic Era
1896- Anton Bruckner dies in Vienna, Austria
1897- John Phillip Sousa writes “The Stars and Stripes Forever”
1900- The Romantic Era ends

16. Ludwig van Beethoven

17. Ludwig van Beethoven
Born in 1770 in Bonn, Germany
When he was 8, father featured him in a piano concert, falsely advertising that he was only 6
In 1783 his first work was published
Austrian Aristocrat, Count Waldstein, gave Beethoven a letter of introduction to the elite families of Vienna

18. Ludwig van Beethoven
In 1800, Prince Lichnowsky gave him an annual stipend of 600 Gulden to stay in Vienna and compose (equivalent to $ US dollars)
One of his greatest works was Symphony No. 9, in which the last movement was written for choir, soloists, and orchestra
Beethoven’s most famous opera was “Fidelio”

19. Ludwig van Beethoven
“Missa Solemnis in D” and “Christ on the Mount of Olives” were Beethoven’s two famous choral compositions
First composer to use the metronome
Beethoven died in 1827

20. Ludwig van Beethoven
Some popular works of Beethoven
“Ode to Joy”
“Sonata No. 29”
“5th Symphony”
“Fidelio”
“Christ on the Mount of Olives”

21. Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

22. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
Born in Hamburg, Germany
Born to a wealthy banking family
Considered a child prodigy
Age 16 composes two outstanding motets “Exsultate” and “Jubilate”
Considered most famous composer of the oratorio during the Romantic Era

23. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
Most well known oratorios were “Elijah” and “St. Paul”
At age 20, he found the long lost “St. Matthew Passion” by Bach and reintroduced it to the world through numerous performances

24. Felix Mendelssohn- Bartholdy
Some of his most popular works
“St. Paul”
“Elijah”
“Exsultate”
“Jubilant”

25. Franz Schubert

26. Franz Schubert
Born in Liechtenthal, Vienna
Followed in father’s profession as a school teacher for a few years, then later stopped and followed his own dream of becoming a composer
In 1815, he wrote two symphonies, two masses, four stage works, 140 songs,

27. Franz Schubert
One string quartet, two piano sonatas, chorales, and extensive church music
Most famous for his songs
Died at the age of 31
Is buried only a few steps from Beethoven in Vienna, Austria

28. Franz Schubert
Some of his most popular works
-“Miriam’s Song of Triumph”
“German Mass”
“Lazarus”
“Salve Reginas”

29. Anton Bruckner

30. Anton Bruckner
Born in 1824 in Ansfelden, Austria
Father and grandfather were music teachers
In 1840, moved to Linz, Austria and became a teacher and cathedral organist
Died in 1896 in Vienna, Austria

31. Anton Bruckner
Some of his most popular works
“Requiem in D-minor”
“Missa Solemnis in B-flat”
“Mass in E-minor”

32. Antonio Dvorak

33. Antonio Dvorak
Born in 1841 in Bohemia
Father was a butcher and inn keeper
Parents recognized his musical talent and sent him for lessons at an early age
Played viola in the Provisional Theatre orchestra
Married Anna Cermakova and had 9 kids

34. Anton Dvorak
Came to America in 1824 to be the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. He was director until 1895
Composed for the school and community of Spillville, Iowa
Died in 1904
Is buried in Yysehrad cemetary in Prague

35. Anton Dvorak
Some of his most popular works
“New World Symphony”
“Songs my Mother Taught Me”
“Cello Concerto in B-minor”
“Rusalka (opera)”

36. Bedrich Smetana

37. Bedrich Smetana
Born in 1824 in Litomysl, Bohemia
Played in an amateur string quartet
Greatly influenced by Dvorak
Smetana bought music of the Czech people to an international level
Became first director of the National Theatre in Prague

38. Bedrich Smetana
Like Beethoven and Schumann he lost his hearing
Died of mental problems at the Prague Lunatic Asylum in 1884
Best known work is his comic opera “The Bartered Bride”

39. Cesar Franck

40. Cesar Franck
Born in 1822 in Liege, Belgium
Basically unknown during his life time
At age 11 he finished schooling at the Liege Conservatory of Music and began touring as a concert pianist
1834, moves to Paris and becomes a naturalized French citizen

41. Cesar Franck
1855, becomes cathedral organist in Linz
Died in Paris in 1890
Two of his best known compositions are
“Ave Maria” and “Les Beatitudes”

42. Gabriel Faure

43. Gabriel Faure
Born in 1845 in Pamiers, France
6th child of a schoolmaster
Ate age 8, he was a well known performer of the Harmonium (a portable organ)
From he studied at the Ecole Niedermeyer in Paris
Died in Paris in 1924

44. Gabriel Faure
Some of his most popular works
“Cantique de Jean Racine”
“Tantum ergo”

45. Charles Gounod

46. Charles Gounod
Born in 1818 in Paris, France
His mother, was his first piano teacher
Gounod moved to Italy to study the music of Palestrina
, he lived in England and became the first conductor of the Royal Choral Society

47. Charles Gounod
Wrote many religious compositions
Considered the most gifted among the French contemporaries
Died in 1893
Most important work was his opera “Faust”

48. Johannes Brahms

49. Johannes Brahms
Born in 1833, in Hamburg, Germany
Composed many choral arrangements of folk songs
Wrote over 200 songs in the traditional German Lied (song) style
Considered a great choral composer of the 1800s
Died in 1897

50. Johannes Brahms
Greatest choral composition is “German Requiem”
Other important works include
“Ave Maria”
“Nanie”
“Song of Destiny”
“Liebeslieder Waltzes” also known as “Brahms Lullaby”

51. Richard Wagner

52. Richard Wagner
Born in Leipzig, Austria in 1813
But was known as a German composer
Considered the most battle-scarred and controversial composer of the Romantic period, his peers called him a vain and unprincipled egotist
1849- went into exile for 12 years because of his alleged membership in anarchist

53. Richard Wagner
circles
Died of a heart attack and is buried in the garden of the Villa Wahnfried
Some of his most popular works include operas “Tannhauser” “Lohengrin” “Parsifal” “The Flying Dutchman”
“Des Ring des Nibelungen” which is comprised of four operas

54. Other Composers of the Romantic Era & Their Major Works
Robert Schumann- “Das Paradies und die Peri” “Mass in C-minor”
Vincenzo Bellini- “La Sonnambula” “Norma” “I Puritani”
George Bizet- “Carmen”
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti- “Lucia di Lammermoor” “The Daughter of the Regiment, “Don Pasquale”

55. Other Composers of the Romantic Era & Their Major Works
Gioachino Antonio Rossini- “L’Italiana in Algeri” “The Barber of Seville” “William Tell” “Stabat Mater”
Giuseppe Verdi- “Rigoletto” “Il Trovatore” “Traviata” “Aida” “Otello” “Falstaff” “Manzoni Requiem”
Mili Balakirev- “Cantata on the Inauguration of the Glinka Memorial”

56. Other Composers of the Romantic Era & Their Major Works
Alexander Borodin- “Prince Igor”
Cesar Antonovich Cui- “Prisoner of the Cansasus” “William Ralcliff” “Henry VIII”
Modest Mussorgsky- “Boris Godunov” “Songs and Dances of Death”
Nicolai Andreyevich Rimsky- Korsakov- “The Tale of Sadko” “Tsar Saltan” “The Snow Maiden”