1. Africa – Economics and Government
Mr. Napier
and
Mr. Newhall

2. Geography Review Nigeria Ghana Kenya South Africa Egypt Southern Sudan
Congo
Ethiopia
Sudan
Somalia

3. Sub-Saharan Africa Standards
Describe the location of major features and their impact.
Describe the major climates of Africa and how these have impacted development.
Describe the pattern of population distribution in the countries in relation to urbanization and modernization.
Explain how Sub-Saharan Africa’s physical features have had an impact on the distribution of population.
Analyze how the migration of people such as the bantu and Zulu has had an impact on the economic, cultural and political aspects of Sub-Saharan Africa.

4. GPS – Economic Standards
Compare how traditional, command and market economies answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce (2) how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce.
Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command.
Compare and contrast the economic systems in South Africa and Nigeria.

5. GPS Standards
Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.
Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic and democratic.
Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.

6. Questions 2-4

7. Economic Continuum Command Market | | | | | | • • More freedom
South
Africa
Hong
Kong
U.S.
Command
Kenya
Market | | | | | | • •
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
More freedom
More control

8. Economic Systems
Market - decisions based on prices and supply and demand.
Command – government makes the decisions.
Mixed – combination of market and command.
Traditional – Barter and roles determined by parents.
What nations have economies closest to command?
In a market economy, what happens when prices go up?
List three roles the government plays in the U.S. economy.
What is an advantage of a command economy?

9. Democratic Governments
Parliamentary
Prime Minister
Legislature elects executive
No separation of powers
U.K., Australia, Israel
Parliament
Presidential
President/Congress
Legislature is separate branch.
President elected by people.
Separation of powers
United States, South Africa

10. Autocracy – one ruler – North Korea
Unitary – central government makes all decisions.
Federal - compromise between local and national governments.
Confederation – central government is weak. Local governments most important.
Autocracy – one ruler – North Korea
Oligarchy – small group rules – Apartheid South Africa
Democracy – people own government and vote – Presidents and Parliaments
Dictatorship – one ruler takes power - Hitler
Monarchy – rule passed down in family – Queens and Kings
Theocracy – rule by religious group – Priests and Imams

11. Governments The compromise between unitary and confederation?
The executive in a parliamentary government?
Rule by a small group of people?
When local governments have more power?
Having one ruler?
When son or daughter follows a parent as ruler?
Elects executive in presidential system?
“We the people…”
One person takes over government?
No local governments?
Federal
Prime Minister
Oligarchy
Confederation
Autocracy
Monarchy
People
Democracy
Dictatorship
Unitary

12. Warm Up – Work in Pairs
Why are most countries “mixed” economic systems?
What are the advantages to a market economy?
Why are not more nations “command” economies?
How does a parliamentary system of government differ from a presidential system?
What is the “best” economic system? Why?

13. Trade Barriers Tariff Quota Embargo
Foreign Trade Review Explain how specialization encourages trade between countries. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and embargos
Trade Barriers
Tariff
tax on imports
Quota
limit number of imports
Embargo
no trade with a nation
OPEC
Specialization – products a country makes best and at the lowest cost.
Specialization allows a country to trade for products it cannot produce.
Example – Nigeria produces oil and trades with U.S. for technology.

14. Currency Exchange Every country has a unique currency.
Each currency has a different value.
To trade or travel, currency must be exchanged.
South Africa – Rand worth $0.12 in Dollars.
Nigeria – Naira worth $0.006 in Dollars. (150 for each dollar)

15. Assessment 1. What type of government has one ruler?
6. Punishing another country by not allowing trade with them is called?
A. Democracy B. Autocracy
C. Market D. Oligarchy
A. Tariff B. Embargo C. Quota
2. What type of economy has the most freedom?
7. What is the term for when the people own the government and vote?
A. Democracy B. Command
A. Democracy B. Market
C. Dictatorship D. Market
C. Monarchy D. Parliament
A government with a weak national government is called?
3. Which of the following is NOT a trade barrier?
A. Embargo B. Quota
A. Democracy B. Unitary C. Confederation D. Currency
C. Market D. Tariff
What is a government by a small group of people?
4. The leader of a parliamentary government is called a
A. Democracy B. Oligarchy
A. Prime minister B. President C. Dictator D. Senator
C. Autocracy D. Market
5. Most economic systems are
What is the name for a religious group ruling a country?
A. Command B. Mixed
A. Command B. Market
C. Oligarchy D. Market
C. Theocracy D. Tariff

16. Type of economy - Mixed South Africa Nigeria Technologically advanced
More economic freedom
Strong, advanced economy like those in Europe
High standard of living but whites are much better off in South Africa
Nigeria
Poorly organized
Corruption
More government control
Major oil industry
Civil Wars
Many ethnic groups

17. Goods Produced South Africa Oil - OPEC Petrochemicals Must import food
Mining – platinum, diamonds, gold
Automobile assembly
Machinery
Textiles
Iron and steel
Chemicals
Fertilizer
Oil - OPEC
Petrochemicals
Must import food

18. Comparing Economic Systems of South Africa and Nigeria
Both are mixed economies
Both have poverty
Both have natural resources
Both have many people
Nigeria population is 167,000,000
South Africa’s population is 50,000,000 people – about 40,000,000 are black. Less than 10% are white.

19. Economic Continuum Command Market | | | | | | • • Zimbabwe 26
South
Africa
Hong
Kong
U.S.
Command
Kenya
Market | | | | | | • •
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
More freedom
More control
Zimbabwe 26
Nigeria 57
Kenya 58
South Africa 63
United States 76

20. Thinking About Nigeria and South Africa Graded Assignment
If Nigeria has so much oil, why are their people so poor?
How has the history of South Africa resulted in an unequal distribution of wealth?
Why is population growth a big problem in Africa?
If 70% of Nigerians are farmers, why does Nigeria import food?
What does it mean when we say that South Africa has a European economy?

21. Economic Numbers South Africa Nigeria $10,700 Labor Force $2,000
GDP per person
$10,700
Labor Force
Farming 9%
Industry 26%
Services 65%
Unemployment
25%
Population below poverty line 50%
Nigeria
GDP per person
$2,000
Labor Force
Farming 70%
Industry 10%
Services 20%
Unemployment 5%
Population below poverty line 70%

22. Type of Government
Republic of Kenya - Republic with one house legislature called National Assembly
Republic of South Africa – Republic with a two house National Assembly
Republic of Sudan – A government of national unity was formed with a National legislature. The government is dominated by the National Congress Party.

23. Head of State
Kenya – President leads the Kenyan African National Union (KANU) political party. Mwai Kibaki elected in (disputed)
South Africa – President elected by National Assembly. Jacob Zuma elected in 2009 (ANC)
Sudan – President and Head of State leads National Congress Party Omar al Bashir is military dictator

24. Who can vote!
Kenya – All citizens 18 years or older. South Africa – All citizens 18 years of older. Sudan – All citizens 17 years or older. Independence Date Kenya – 1963 from Great Britain South Africa – 1910 from Great Britain but majority rule started in Sudan – 1956 from Egypt and Great Britain

25. Personal Freedoms
Kenya – Freedoms are written into the Constitution. President dominates government. Citizen rights are improving.
South Africa - Personal freedoms are numerous. Literacy rates are high. Apartheid is history.
Sudan – Few freedoms unless a member of the National Congress Party. Most positions are appointed. Elections are being planned?

26. Review of Governments Answer Kenya, South Africa or Sudan.
Most personal freedoms?
Least personal freedoms?
Citizens vote at age of 18? (2)
Two house National Assembly?
Dominated by KANU Party?
A true “republic”?
Most leaders appointed?
Became independent in 1963?