1. Pregnancy

2. The Beginning of the Life Cycle
Fertilization/Conception
The process of sperm meeting with an egg in the Fallopian tube
Once an egg is fertilized it becomes a zygote
Zygote = fertilized egg (sperm meeting the egg)
The zygote travels through the fallopian tube and begins to divide

3. The Beginning of the Life Cycle
The zygote divides many times and becomes a blastocyst (hollow cluster of cells) by the time it gets to the uterus
Implantation occurs. Implantation is the process in which the blastocyst attaches itself to the wall of the uterus
Zygote is now called an embryo (occurs days after fertilization)

4. Development of the Uterus
After implantation, development continues in the uterus
Three structures form from the dividing cells: the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord (All three serve to protect and nourish the developing embryo, and later the fetus)

5. Development in the Uterus
Amniotic Sac
Fluid filled bag of thin tissue. The sac continues to grow in size as the embryo grows.
Inside the sac, the embryo floats in amniotic fluid
Placenta
The structure that holds the embryo to the wall of the uterus
Within the placenta, oxygen and nutrients move from the mother’s blood into tiny blood vessels that lead to the embryo

6. Development of the Uterus
Umbilical Cord
A ropelike structure that connects the embryo to the placenta
This cord is the embryo’s lifeline
It carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo and wastes from the embryo to the placenta

7. Development of a Uterus
WEEK 1-8 = Embryo
Week 9-Birth = Fetus
Pregnancy term= lasts between weeks
Pregnancy Calendar (kids health)

8. Development of the Uterus
Trimesters
0-13 weeks = 1st Trimester
14-26 weeks = 2nd Trimester
27-40 weeks = 3rd Trimester

9. Conception

10. Developing Embryo (4 weeks)

11. Developing Embryo (7 weeks)

12. Developing Fetus (14 weeks)

13. Developing Fetus (24 weeks)

14. Developing Fetus (30 weeks)

15. Week by Week Pregnancy
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16. Birth (3 stages) Dilation- stretching of the cervix (10cm)
Stage One (Labor)
Dilation- stretching of the cervix (10cm)
May last for a few hours
Contractions to shorten the uterus
Longest most difficult part of labor
Near the end of this stage, the amniotic sac breaks and the cervix becomes softer and wide enough (10 cm) for the fetus to pass through

17. Birth (3 Stages) Stage Two (Delivery of the Baby)
Birth: muscles of the uterus contract and push baby out of the body
Umbilical cord is clamped and cut
Appearance of the head first, known as crowning
Stage Three (After Birth)
Afterbirth: contractions continue and push placenta and umbilical cord out of the mother

18. Complications during Birth
Premature birth
Delivery of a live baby before the 37th week of pregnancy
Low birth weight
A newborn that weighs less than 5.5 pounds at birth.
*Premature and low birth weight babies face an increased risk of health problems
Still Birth
* occurs when a fetus dies and is removed from the body after the 20th week of pregnancy.

19. Complications during Birth
Cesarean Section
This method can be the family’s choice of delivery or what is called an emergency “cesarean section” or “C-Section”.
The doctor makes an incision in the lower abdomen into the uterus. The baby and placenta are then removed.

20. Complications during Birth
Jaundice
A common condition in newborns.
Refers to the yellow color of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by excess bilirubin in the blood.
Miscarriage
the death of an embryo or fetus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

21. Having a Healthy Pregnancy
Avoid alcohol (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
Causes physical, mental and behavior problems
FAS babies are:
-Shorter & lighter - Poor coordination
-Speech problems - Heart defects
-Slow growth - Mental retardation
-Facial abnormalities

22. Having a Healthy Pregnancy
Avoid drugs (tobacco, OTC, prescription, and illegal drugs) = Low birth weight/possible premature birth
Exercise
Eat a variety of healthy foods (avoid uncooked meats, deli meats, fish, seafood, caffeine)

23. Signs of Pregnancy “Morning Sickness” Nipples darken Increased fatigue
Appear a few weeks or 1-2 months after conception/fertilization
“Morning Sickness”
Nipples darken
Increased fatigue
Menstruation usually stops
PMS - type symptoms
Increased urination

24. Pregnancy Test
Reveals hormone HCG in urine about 2 weeks after missed period - about 95% accurate
A blood test also detects HCG
Home tests give false negatives and positives. Should be followed up by a doctor visit