1. Administrative Communication
Verbal and Nonverbal communication.

2. Oral and Non-Verbal Communication.

3. Verbal/ Oral Communication
All forms of communication can be categorized as either verbal or nonverbal. In turn, both verbal and nonverbal communication can be subdivided into either vocal or nonvocal.
Much of the communication that takes place between people is verbal; that is, it is based on
language.

4. Verbal communication of the vocal category includes spoken language.
ƒ Nonvocal verbal communication involves written communication as well as communication that
is transmitted through transmitted through sign language, finger spelling, Braille, or other similar
alternatives to verbal language

5. Non-Verbal Communication: Messages without words.
“What you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson.

6. Definition of non verbal communication.
Nonverbal communication refers to body movements or vocal variations that communicate without words.
“Messages expressed by other than linguistic means.” (Adler& Towne, 228)

7. What have you learned?
Communication exists- there are other languages besides words that convey messages.
All nonverbal behaviour has communicative value.
Nonverbal communication is primarily relational- it defines the relationship we want to have with others.

8. Types of nonverbal communication.
Non-verbal communication maybe divided into three main areas:
Kinesics
Proxemics
Para-linguistics
Chronemics
Haptics

9. Kinesics
Kinesics are the body movements we use to communicate. Kinesic behaviours such as leaning or pressing your index finger to your lips to signal others to be quiet, can regulate conversation, illustrate verbal points, reduce anxiety and express emotion.

10. Picture This!!

11. Examples of Kinesics
Facial expressions- smiles, frowns, narrowed eyes transmitting emotions;
Gestures- pointing fingers, shakes of the head;
Movements- quick pacing up and down, finger drumming, leisurely strolling.

12. The Different Signs of me

13. Proxemics This is the study of how people use space and distance.
Different cultures have different rules about what distance to maintain.

14. Examples of Proxemics
Physical contact- shaking hands, clapping on the back, transmitting greetings, insistence or friendship.
Posture- standing straight and erect, lounging, leaning forward, transmitting alertness and care, self confidence, nervousness or ease.
Positioning- keeping a respectful distance, looking over someone's shoulder, transmitting awareness of differing status, a close working relationship or relaxed mutual trust.

15. Are you in my space?

16. Para- linguistics
This involves vocal sounds other than words. It is how you say something rather than what the words mean. In our interactions with others vocal pitch (highness or lowness of tone), speech rate (speed), volume (loudness) and rhythm (timing and emphasis) can express a variety of meanings.

17. Para-linguistics continued.
For example, you present a speech to your class and your speech is hesitant, your rate of speech is slow, and you repeatedly use vocal interferences such’ as “um,” “er,” “uh,” and “like, you know” to fill some of the dead air. Your classmates may interpret this paralanguage as insecurity or limited knowledge of the subject matter.

18. Chronemics This is the study of how people use and perceive time.
Time is of great significance in North American culture. In the United States, time equals money, so the focus is on adherence to deadlines, schedules, promptness, and alacrity when making points, all facets of monochronic time.

19. Chronemics Continued
From a monochronic time perspective, arriving 10 minutes late to a job interview may convey a message to the employer that the applicant is unreliable and may cost the company valuable time. It is not unusual for business meetings in the United States and England to begin exactly at the scheduled time.

20. Chronemics Continued
In many Latin American and Middle Eastern cultures the focus is on interpersonal relationships and a perception that everything has its own time. In this polychronic time orientation, schedules are not strictly observed and expectations about arrival and departure times are less rigid. Being 20 to 30 minutes late is acceptable because the pace is more relaxed.

21. Haptics
Haptics involves touching behaviours. Touch can communicate a wide variety of messages. If you inadvertently bump into someone at work or school, you may apologize and feel a bit embarrassed because you did not intend to touch the person and touch can imply intimacy.

22. Advantages of Non-verbal Communication
Repeating- instructions can be repeated by using non-verbal expressions, for example pointing is a on-verbal behaviour that social scientists call emblems- deliberate non-verbal behaviours that have a precise meaning.
Substituting- emblems also replace a verbal message.

23. Advantages continued
Complementing- non- verbal behaviours that accompany and support spoken words.
Accenting- Just as we use italics to highlight an idea in print, we use non-verbal devices to emphasize oral messages. Pointing an accusing finger adds emphasis to criticism.
Regulating- controlling the flow of verbal messages.

24. Disadvantages of Non-verbal Communication
Ambiguity- although non-verbal behaviour can be very revealing, it can have so many possible meanings.
Multiple channels- unlike the spoken word, nonverbal messages don’t arrive in a sequential manner, instead, they bombard us simultaneously from a multitude of channels.
Continuous- it is continuous and never ending.

25. Disadvantages continued
Contradicting- the unconscious nature of nonverbal behaviour (smiles, frown, slumping shoulders) might convey contradicting messages.

26. How to improve non-verbal communication
To improve nonverbal communication, learn to manage stress
Learning how to manage stress in the heat of the moment is one of the most important things you can do to improve your nonverbal communication.
Stress compromises your ability to communicate. When you’re stressed out, you’re more likely to misread other people, send off confusing or off- putting nonverbal signals, and lapse into unhealthy knee-jerk patterns of behavior. 

27. Emotional Awareness
In order to send accurate nonverbal cues, you need to be aware of your emotions and how they influence you. You also need to be able to recognize the emotions of others and the true feelings behind the cues they are sending. This is where emotional awareness comes in

28. Emotional awareness enables you to
Accurately read other people, including the emotions they’re feeling and the unspoken messages they’re sending.
Create trust in relationships by sending nonverbal signals that match up with your words.
Respond in ways that show others that you understand, notice, and care.
Know if the relationship is meeting your emotional needs, giving you the option to either repair the relationship or move on.

29. Let’s recap! What is oral and written communication?
Do you remember the types of oral and written communication? List five of each.