1. Gramática 1
Capítulo 1

2. Subjects and verbs in sentences
In both English and Spanish, sentences have a subject and a verb.
The subject is the person or thing being described or doing something.
The verb is the action word or a word like am, is, or are that links the subject to a description.

3. Subjects and verbs in sentences
Mrs. Pérez is my teacher.
La señora Pérez es mi profesora.
She is from Madrid.
Ella es de Madrid.
She sings a lot.
Ella canta mucho.

4. Subjects and verbs in sentences
Nouns are used as subjects in both English and Spanish.
Nouns can be replaced with pronouns.
English sentences always have a subject or subject pronoun.
In Spanish sentences, you can leave out the subject/subject pronoun if everyone knows who/what you’re talking about.

5. María is my friend. She is from Spain. Ella can be left out.
María es mi amiga.
She is from Spain.
Es de España.
Ella can be left out.

6. Práctica – ID the subjects and verbs in the following dialogs.
Susana is my friend.
She is from Spain.
Mrs. García is my teacher.
She is from Madrid.
Susana es mi amiga.
Es de España.
La señora García es mi profesora.
Es de Madrid.
(Ella)
(Ella)

7. Subject pronouns I yo nosotros nosotras we we (all female) you tú he
she
usted él
ella
ustedes
ellos
ellas
you all
they
they (all female)

8. Subject pronouns Tú and usted both mean you! Use tú (familiar):
friend
relative
someone your age
Use usted (formal):
teacher
adult you’ve just met
someone you show respect to

9. Práctica – What pronouns would you use to speak to these people?
two or more teachers
a group of female students
your best friend
a school principal
two or more males
a group of male and female students
ustedes
ustedes tú
usted
ustedes
ustedes