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The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion

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1 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
The subjunctive (il congiuntivo), is a grammatical mood that exists in both English and Italian to express attitudes or feelings such as opinion, happiness, fear, willingness, desire, obligation, necessity, or doubt. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

2 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
The present subjunctive The present subjunctive of regular verbs is formed by adding the subjunctive endings to the stem. For verbs conjugated like finire, insert –isc– as you would in the present indicative. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

3 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
The present subjunctive ascoltare prẹndere dormire finire che io che tu che lui/lei/Lei che noi che voi che loro ascolti ascoltiamo ascoltiate ascọltino prenda prendiamo prendiate prẹndano dorma dormiamo dormiate dọrmano finisca finiamo finiate finịscano © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

4 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
ATTENZIONE! Since so many endings in the subjunctive are the same, you may need to use a subject pronoun to avoid confusion. È importante che arrivi alle nove. It’s important for me/you/him/her to arrive at nine. È importante che lui arrivi alle nove. It’s important for him to arrive at nine. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

5 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Verbs like cercare and pagare maintain the hard sound of the infinitive by inserting –h– between the stem and endings of all forms of the present subjunctive. cercare: cerchi, cerchi, cerchi, cerchiamo, cerchiate, cẹrchino pagare: paghi, paghi, paghi, paghiamo, paghiate, pạghino © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

6 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
ATTENZIONE! For other verbs ending in –iare, only one i is used unless the i is stressed. sbagliare: sbagli, sbagli, sbagli, sbagliamo, sbagliate, sbaglino sciare: scịi, scịi, scịi, sciamo, sciate, scịino © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

7 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Many verbs that are irregular in the indicative are also irregular in the subjunctive. andare avere bere dare dire essere fare potere rimanere sapere stare uscire venire volere vada, vada, vada, andiamo, andiate, vạdano abbia, abbia, abbia, abbiamo, abbiate, ạbbiano beva, beva, beva, beviamo, beviate, bẹvano dịa, dịa, dịa, diamo, diate, dịano dica, dica, dica, diciamo, diciate, dịcano sịa, sịa, sịa, siamo, siate, sịano faccia, faccia, faccia, facciamo, facciate, fạcciano possa, possa, possa, possiamo, possiate, pọssano rimanga, rimanga, rimanga, rimaniamo, rimaniate, rimạngano sappia, sappia, sappia, sappiamo, sappiate, sạppiano stịa, stịa, stịa, stiamo, stiate, stịano esca, esca, esca, usciamo, usciate, ẹscano venga, venga, venga, veniamo, veniate, vẹngano voglia, voglia, voglia, vogliamo, vogliate, vọgliano © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

8 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Subjunctive with impersonal expressions, will, and emotion The subjunctive is generally used in dependent clauses introduced by che, where the subjects of the main and dependent clauses are different. The verb or verb phrase in the main clause triggers the use of the subjunctive in the clause. MAIN CLAUSE È possibile It’s possible CONJUNCTION che that DEPENDENT CLAUSE Giorgio vada alla manifestazione. Giorgio is going to the demonstration. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

9 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
ATTENZIONE! Some additional impersonal expressions followed by che and the subjunctive include: bisogna è facile/diffịcile è giusto è incredịbile è meglio è necessario è ora (è un) peccato è (im)possịbile è raro/strano è (in)ụtile occorre pare sembra vale la pena © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

10 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Use the subjunctive in clauses introduced by impersonal expressions that state an opinion. Impersonal expressions followed by the subjunctive è bene/male che... it is good/bad that… è diffịcile che... it is difficult/unlikely that… è importante che... it is important that… è possịbile che... it is (not) possible that… è probạbile che... it is likely that… è strano che... it is strange that… può darsi che... it is possible that… si dice che... it is said/they say that… È strano che Salvatore vada alla sinagoga: è cattolico! It’s strange that Salvatore is going to the synagogue; he’s Catholic! Può darsi che il telefonino sia spento. It’s possible that the cell phone is off. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

11 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
ATTENZIONE! Not all clauses introduced by che require use of the subjunctive. Verbs and expressions indicating certainty or fact are followed by the indicative. Sanno che Rita viene domani. They know that Rita is coming tomorrow. È vero che Massimo fa lo scrittore. It’s true that Massimo is a writer. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

12 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Use the subjunctive in subordinate clauses when the verb in the main clause expresses opinion, will, or emotion. Expressions of will Expressions of emotion and opinion desiderare… to desire… esịgere… to require… insịstere… to insist… permẹttere… to allow… preferire… to prefer… ritenere… to maintain… suggerire… to suggest… volere… to want… avere paụra… to be afraid… credere... to believe... dispiacere… to be sorry… ẹssere + [emotion] felice/contento/a… to be happy… sorpreso/a… to be surprised… pensare... to think... piacere… to be pleased, to like… sperare… to hope… temere… to fear, to be afraid… © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

13 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
Loro desiderano che Chiara gli dica la verità. They want Chiara to tell him the truth. Temo che questo libro non sia più disponibile. I am afraid that this book is no longer available. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

14 The subjunctive: impersonal expressions; will and emotion
ATTENZIONE! If the subject of the main clause and the dependent clause is the same, use an infinitive instead of the subjunctive in the dependent clause. Gianni vuole che tu finisca la lettera. Gianni wants you to finish the letter. Gianni vuole finire la lettera. Gianni wants to finish the letter. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.

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