1. The subjunctive with more conjunctions (mostly doubt and uncertainty)

2. El subjuntivo is used after certain conjunctions of time to show that you are not sure when or if something will happen. You use the indicative (not subjunctive) with the same conjunctions of time when the main clause refers to the present or the past. Use the indicative when you are certain about the outcome of the action. Use the subjunctive when you are not sure.

3. Rule for now: if the first half is a command, contingency, or the future, use the subjunctive after the conjunction.

4. The following conjunctions also express degrees of doubt and uncertainty A menos queUnless (always requires subjunctive!) Con tal (de) queProvided that, as long as (bribery) En caso de queIn case Para queso that Antes de queBefore (if you just use antes de, follow with infinitive, not subjunctive)

5. Ejemplos: Iremos a la fiesta a menos que no nos inviten = We will go to the party unless they don’t invite us. Cantaré con tal que me prepares un pastel = I will sing provided that/ as long as you make me a cake. Busca el mapa en caso de que nos perdamos = Look for the map in case we get lost.

6. Ten cuidado con “antes” “Antes de que” requires the subjunctive. However, “antes que” requires the infinitive. Compare: 1.Tengo que ver a mi amiga antes de que salga = I have to see my friend before she leaves. 2. Tengo que ver a mi amiga antes de salir = I have to see my friend before leaving (before I leave)

7. Traduce! 1.You should bring/take (llevar) your parents to the museum so that they know it (conocer). ______________________________________________ ___________________________ 2.I will help you write your essay provided that you cook dinner. ______________________________________________ _______________________ 3.I’m going out tonight unless my parents punish me. ______________________________________________ ____________________

8. 4.Pepe will write to his parents so that they know he’s okay. ______________________________________________ ____________________ 5.We should have another date for the party in case it rains. __Debemos tener otra fecha para la fiesta en caso de que llueva._____ 6.Read the book so that you know the history of Mexico. Lee el libro para que sepas la historia de México.