1. BIOL 1010 Human Anatomy Dr. Joel Gluck Email: JGluck@ccri.edu Cell Phone: 401-952-1345

2. Why Study Anatomy? 1. C ommunication within the health professions. 2. I n order to understand the pathology of the human body, one must understand the normal. 3. L earn the interaction between body systems. 4. D efine the significance between structure and function. 5. I t’s Fun. (Personal opinion)

3. Goals of the Course To provide a common anatomical language To provide a common anatomical language To relate the common language of anatomy to the functional morphology of the human body. To relate the common language of anatomy to the functional morphology of the human body. To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of physiology. To provide a baseline of knowledge for the study of physiology. Illustrate the principle that structure and function are related. Illustrate the principle that structure and function are related.

4. Why Study Anatomy? Provides an education rather than training. Provides an education rather than training. ie: you can train a monkey to do surgery but the monkey cannot fix a problem when it arises. ie: you can train a monkey to do surgery but the monkey cannot fix a problem when it arises. Terminology allows clear communication between medical professionals. Terminology allows clear communication between medical professionals.

5. Some definitions Morphology Morphology -form that structures take on. -form that structures take on. -Morphology affects function -Morphology affects function Structure Structure -a part of the body. Can either be microscopic (small) or macroscopic (large). -a part of the body. Can either be microscopic (small) or macroscopic (large). Function Function -refers to physical behavior. What a structure does. -refers to physical behavior. What a structure does. -Function is related to structures=Functional Morphology -Function is related to structures=Functional Morphology

6. Normal vs. Abnormal -We must understand the normal situation to be able to compare it with and recognize the abnormal. -We must understand the normal situation to be able to compare it with and recognize the abnormal. Topographic Anatomy -Structures on the surface of the skin can be used to identify and locate deeper structures, organs, and tissues beneath the skin. -Structures on the surface of the skin can be used to identify and locate deeper structures, organs, and tissues beneath the skin.

7. Structure defines and restricts function. Structure defines and restricts function. - certain joints can only move in one direction. For example a hinge joint can only have motion perpendicular to the axis of the joint. The knee joint (hinge) cannot have motion in the lateral direction because that goes against the axis. - certain joints can only move in one direction. For example a hinge joint can only have motion perpendicular to the axis of the joint. The knee joint (hinge) cannot have motion in the lateral direction because that goes against the axis.

8. Two Approaches to the Study of Anatomy Systems Approach Systems Approach -study of one system at a time. -study of one system at a time. -all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc.. -all muscles are studied together, all bones, etc.. Regional Approach Regional Approach -all structures within a certain region are studied together. -all structures within a certain region are studied together. -ie: all structures in the head are looked at together. -ie: all structures in the head are looked at together. We will utilize the REGIONAL APPROACH.

9. Laboratory Information Hands on training. Hands on training. Bring lab book, an atlas, and information your instructor tells you. Bring lab book, an atlas, and information your instructor tells you. You must supply your own gloves. You must supply your own gloves. Dissection kits will be supplied for you. Dissection kits will be supplied for you. DO NOT CUT ANYTHING! This is blunt dissection. DO NOT CUT ANYTHING! This is blunt dissection. Get a 4 or 5 color pen or a set of colored pencils. Get a 4 or 5 color pen or a set of colored pencils.

10. YOU MUST PASS BOTH LECTURE AND LAB LECTURE AND LAB TO PASS THE COURSE

11. ANATOMY Study of structure. Study of structure. ANA = apart ANA = apart TOMY = to cut TOMY = to cut

12. Anatomical Terminology

13. Superior Inferior

14. Anatomical Position This is a reference position that allows for the use of consistent directional terminology. This is a reference position that allows for the use of consistent directional terminology. All descriptions of location are made from within anatomical position. All descriptions of location are made from within anatomical position. Subject is facing forward with palms forward, thumbs facing to the sides.

15. Anatomical Position This is the position from which all directions and descriptions are made. The person is standing erect, palms facing anteriorly, feet together and facing forward.

16. Superior Inferior TRANSVERSE PLANE

17. Body Midline Medial Lateral EYES EARS Sagittal Plane

18. The Extremities have a different set of terms The upper arm is PROXIMAL The arm is DISTAL TO THE TRUNK or MIDLINE OF THE BODY

19. The eyes are SUPERIOR to the mouth. The mouth is INFERIOR to the eyes.

20. The umbilicus is ANTERIOR to the gluteus maximus. IN FRONT OF The gluteus maximus is POSTERIOR to the umbilicus. IN BACK OF BACKFRONT Also called VENTRAL Also called DORSAL CORONALPLANECORONALPLANE

21. In four legged animals, the head is ANTERIOR to the tail. In two legged animals, the head is SUPERIOR to the tail. In four legged animals, the region toward the head is CRANIAL. The region toward the tail is CAUDAL.

22. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE What is the relationship? knee to thigh Nipple to belly button Chin to eyes Little toe to big toe

23. SKIN SUPERFICIAL – toward the surface DEEP – away from the surface

24. ORIGIN – attachment of muscle on a fixed point, closest to midline INSERTION – attachment of muscle that is moveable, farthest from midline. THIGH BONE (FEMUR) LEGBONELEGBONE DIRECTIONAL TERMS FOR MUSCLES

25. Cardinal Body Planes

26. Regional Terminology

27. Reference Positions Note the synonomous pairs: Dorsal : posterior Ventral : anterior Note the difference between bipeds and quadrupeds.

28. Organization of the Human Body The body is organized from the smallest part to the largest part. The body is organized from the smallest part to the largest part. CELL CELL -simplest structural unit -simplest structural unit -basic unit of life -basic unit of life -smallest unit that can live on its own -smallest unit that can live on its own

29. Tissue - a group of cells with common origin, structure, and function. - cells within a tissue all work toward a common goal (i.e.: movement, nutrition, etc.) Organ - a group of tissues that have a common function.

30. Organ System Organ System - a group of organs with a special function. - a group of organs with a special function. - Digestive System, Nervous System, etc… - Digestive System, Nervous System, etc… Organism Organism - A group of organ systems that at some point in time is capable of sustaining life. - A group of organ systems that at some point in time is capable of sustaining life. - All organ systems work together in an organism. - All organ systems work together in an organism.