1. Sports Psychology – Carron’s Model
Year 12 Physical Education
Studies – 3A/3B

2. Group Cohesion What is group cohesion?
Group cohesion is a term used to describe the degree of which a team has bonded or is demonstrating collective cooperation.
Can anyone provide an example of group Cohesion?

3. Group Cohesion There are two dimensions in group cohesion:
Task Cohesion:
Relates to the degree of commitment to group tasks and goals. Can anyone give me an example?
Social Cohesion:
Relates to the relationships and friendships between group member. How much team member like each other.

4. Carron’s Model Can anyone tell me what Carron’s model is?
Carron’s model stats a group will form a bond if it has collective identity, a sense of shared purpose and a clear structure for communication.
Can anyone explain this further?

5. Carron’s Model
Carron’s model is developed various factors that affect group cohesion.
Environmental
Personal
Leadership
Team

6. Environmental Factors
Can anyone tell me what would represent environmental factors?
Environmental factors are general situational factors that help keep are group together,
Transfer Rules
Geographical Restrictions
Contractual Obligations
Primary Goal of the Team

7. Personal Factors
Can anyone tell me what would represent the personal factors?
Personal factors are the individual characteristics of group/team members.
Task Motivation
Affiliation Motivation
Group Satisfaction
Social Loafing

8. Leadership Factors
Can anyone tell me what would represent some leadership factors?
This includes leadership styles, behaviours, and relationships with the team and individual athletes. Some examples;
A harmonious atmosphere encourages social cohesion
Good Organisation encourages task cohesion

9. Team Factors
Can anyone tell me what would represent some team factors?
Team factors are variables that operate at a group level. Such as;
Team Stability
Team Success
Desire for group success

10. Team Cohesion
Here is a short video to show how important it is to have team cohesion.

11. Carron’s Model of Cohesion
Environmental Factors:
- Contractual Responsibility
- Organised orientation
Personal Factors:
- Individual Orientation
- Satisfaction
- Individual differences
Leadership Factors:
- Leadership Behaviour
Leadership style
Coach-athlete Personalities
Team Factors:
Group Task
Desire for group success
Group orientation
Group Productivity
Team ability
Team stability
Individual Outcomes
Behavioural consequences
Absolute Performance Consequences
Relative Performance Effectiveness
Satisfaction
Group Outcomes:
Team stability
Absolute Performance Effectiveness
Relative Performance Effectiveness
Cohesion:
- Task Cohesion
- Social Cohesion

12. Strategies to improve Group Cohesion:
Coaches and leaders:
Explain importance of individual roles
Set challenging group goals
Encourage group identity
Avoid excessive turnover
Know the team climate
Group Members:
Avoid forming cliques
Get to know all other team mates
Help other team mates when possible
Give encouragement
Seek to resolve conflicts immediately
Give 100%

13. Social Loafing Can anyone explain to me what social loafing is?
Is it the reduction in effort when working in groups, versus when working alone.
Can anyone give an example of when they have experienced social loafing?

14. Question?
Think of a sporting team of which you are a member. Using Carron’s model of group cohesion, identify the factors that are most significant in affecting group cohesion.