1. BRAZIL Regional Energy Leader 10th largest energy consumer in the world largest in South America largest in South America

2. Outline Thesis Historical overview Forms of energy Conclusion

3. Thesis Through Brazil’s efforts to free themselves from dependence on foreign energy, they have revolutionized forms of energy production and are on their way to becoming a regional exporter.

4. Beginning In 1975, Brazil’s military dictatorship launched an ethanol program that included subsidies to farmers and required all service stations in towns larger than 1500 people to supply ethanol When the military dictatorship failed, subsidies to farmers were cut and with falling prices of oil; ethanol production slowed dramatically Research continued though till ethanol was capable of being produced at 20cents a liter. 1997- Brazil approved the Brazilian Petroleum Investment Law 1997- Brazil approved the Brazilian Petroleum Investment Law

5. Oil Brazil is the world's 19th largest oil producer 1997 the government opened up oil production to private companies and also freed oil prices from state control 1.1 million barrels a day 1997 2.1 million barrels a day 2007 13 refiners refine 1.9million bbl/d

8. Ethanol largest producer and exporter of ethanol in the world, producing 282,000 bbl/d in 2005 over half of all cars in the country are of the flex-fuel variety ethanol will be cheaper than gasoline as long as the price of oil is over $45 a barrel

10. Natural Gas Substitute for fuel oil 11.5 Tcf of reserves Production slow down Imports Infrastructure projects Year1998199920002001200220032004 %total>1113445

12. Coal 11.1 billion tons of recoverable reserves Domestic reserves ImportsBNDES year1971198019902000200120022003 %total3223333

13. Electricity

14. Hydroelectric power One of leading producers in the world Distribution problems State and privately owned sectors Itaipu Dam –World’s largest dam –12.6 GW production capacity –20 generators year19701980199020002001200220032004 %total8492938782838483 bkWh43.2128.9206.7304.7267.9286.1305.9320.8

17. Conclusion Brazil has nearly accomplished the goal of self-efficiency for energy through its efforts to enhance production and develop and implement new technologies to their greatest potential. Through their efforts in oil, ethanol, natural gas, coal, and electricity, Brazil has been able to become a major consumer and future exporter of energy.

18. References CBS News. (2006). In brazil, the driving is sweeter. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/29/eveningnews/main1454613.shtml http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/29/eveningnews/main1454613.shtml Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2007). Brazil: Hydroelectric resources. Retrieved May/26, 2007, from http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25093/Brazil http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25093/Brazil Energy Information Administration. (2007). Brazil. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Background.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Background.html Itaipu Binacional. (2007). Historical background. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://itaipu.gov.br/ http://itaipu.gov.br/ Washington Post. (2006). Brazil's road to energy independence. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.html World Bank. (2004). Electricity production. Retrieved May/23, 2007, from http://ddp- ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReport http://ddp- ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReporthttp://ddp- ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReport Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Coal. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Coal.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Coal.html Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Electricity. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Electricty.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Electricty.html Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Natural Gas. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/NaturalGas.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/NaturalGas.html Brazil: A Country Study. (1997). Energy. Retrieved 5/23, from http://countrystudies.us/brazil/76.htm http://countrystudies.us/brazil/76.htm