1. Technological Achievements - Canals 1

2. REVIEW O Imperialism – Political & economic control of another country O After setbacks in North America, imperialism continued in the East O British rule affected government, economics, health, & social life in India O Technology made imperialism in Africa possible 2

3. ESSENTIAL QUESTION O How have the Panama & Suez Canals influenced trade & imperialism? 3

4. The Suez Canal O Location: Egypt, connects Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea O 1504 – Construction of Canal 1 st Proposed O 1859 – French engineers begin construction O 1875 – Britain takes control of Suez Canal 4

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6. Control of the Canal O 1854 – Egyptian government allows French company to build Suez Canal O Egypt bought control of canal O Construction was expensive for Egypt, country soon in debt O To avoid debt they decide to sell ownership of canal 6

7. Control of the Canal O This gave England the opportunity to control the canal O Provided more direct route to colonies in India, Australia, & New Zealand O 1875 – England bought Suez Canal from Egypt O Britain controlled most of Egypt 7

8. Independence for Egypt O England declared Egypt independent after rebellions & nationalist movement O Troops remained to protect Egypt & canal 8

9. Significance O Allowed shorter route from Europe to the East O Shorter trade routes O Easier access to colonies 9

10. The Panama Canal O Location: Panama, Southwest of Panama City O 1904 – Work begins on canal O 1914 – Canal opens, links Caribbean with Pacific O 1999 – Panama takes control of canal 10

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12. Reasons for Construction O America needed to move ships from Pacific to Caribbean O Only 2 available options: O Travel 13,000 miles around South America O Create 2 nd Navy 12

13. 1 st Attempt O French company that built Suez Canal in 1890s O French citizens invested in project O Failed due to disease & poor planning 13

14. American Attempt O Columbia would not allow the U.S. to construct the canal O People of Panama revolted & won independence O 1903 – Panamanian government allows U.S. to begin construction 14

15. Technology O 1 of world’s greatest engineering feats O Construction done with power shovels O Many workers died from yellow fever O Scientists destroyed mosquitos, carriers of disease, & controlled its spread 15

16. Effects of Panama Canal O Shortened sea route from New York to San Francisco by 8,000 miles O Ships from all over used canal O Toll required to pass through O Shorter distance still saved time & money 16

17. Panama Canal Video O http://www.history.com/videos/panama- canal-locks#panama-canal-locks http://www.history.com/videos/panama- canal-locks#panama-canal-locks 17