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India’s First Empires By 600 BCE, almost 1000 years after the Aryan migrations, many small kingdoms were scattered throughout India In 326, BCE, Alexander.

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Presentation on theme: "India’s First Empires By 600 BCE, almost 1000 years after the Aryan migrations, many small kingdoms were scattered throughout India In 326, BCE, Alexander."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 7: India and China Establish Empires, 400 BCE-550 CE The Mauryan & Gupta

2 India’s First Empires By 600 BCE, almost 1000 years after the Aryan migrations, many small kingdoms were scattered throughout India In 326, BCE, Alexander the Great conquered the region- left a Macedonian general-Seluecus I-in control

3 Mauryan Empire: Chandragupta Maurya
321 BCE, claimed the NW. region-lower Ganges River By 305 BCE, defeated Seluecus I 303 BCE Empire united northern India 600,000 foot soldiers 30,000 cavalry 9,000 elephants Imposed high taxes

4 How did Chandragupta govern the Empire?
Relied on Katilya- a Brahmin Arthashastra-(a rulers handbook) Tough policies Spies Assassination Bureaucratic 4 provinces ruled by prince divided into local districts to collect taxes & enforce law

5 What was Life Like in Pataliputra?
Very wealthy Gold covered pillars Fountains Thrones Parks Markets

6 Who was Asoka? Chandragupta’s grandson Became king in 269 BCE
Started out brutal Changed after Battle of Kalinga Ruled by Buddhist principles

7 Asoka’s Edicts Huge stone pillars inscribed with new policies Fairness
Humane treatment Nonviolence Religious toleration

8

9 What else did Asoka Do? Extensive roads Improved travel conditions
Wells & rest houses

10 A Period of Turmoil Power vacuum after Ashoka’s death
Many kingdoms with overlapping boundaries MIGRATION, CULTURAL DIFFUSION, TRADE New peoples, new languages, new ideas Syncretism-blending of cultures into new form

11 Gupta Empire After 500 years, Chandra Gupta reunited India years
Expansion & consolidation of empire Golden Age

12 Daily Life Small villages Farmers Craftspeople & merchants
Mostly patriarchal Entire family worked together Irrigation essential Taxes paid in labor on irrigation projects

13 Golden Age of Gupta Empire
TRADE PEACE and PROSPERITY Arts Science Astronomy Mathematics

14 Trade Spreads Indian Religions & Culture:
Both religions had become increasingly removed from the people Hinduism was dominated by priests Buddhist ideal of self-denial proved difficult for many to follow

15 Buddhism & Hinduism Change
More Popular Form of Buddhism Belief in bodhisattvas develops—Buddhas who save humanity Mahayana sect—Buddhists accept new doctrines of worship/salvation Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow original teachings of Buddha Wealthy Buddhist merchants build stupas—stone structures over relics

16 A Hindu Rebirth (Get It?)
Hinduism is remote from people by time of Mauryan Empire moves toward monotheism; gods are part of one divine force Brahma—creator of the world Vishnu—preserver of the world Shiva—destroyer of the world

17 Achievements of Indian Culture: Literature & Performing Arts
Kalidasa—poet & dramatist, one of India’s greatest writers Skillful & emotionally stirring plays still popular Madurai writing academies create literature; 2,000 Tamil poems survive Drama/dance troupes gain popularity & travel widely

18 Indian Achievements: Astronomy, Math, Medicine
Ocean trade leads to advances in astronomy Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire prove world is round Mathematicians develop idea of zero & decimal system Doctors write medical guides- make advances in surgery

19 Spread of Indian Trade Valuable Resources spices, diamonds,
Ivory, precious stones, & good quality wood

20 Silk Roads & Indian Ocean Trade
Overland trade routes called Silk Roads connect Asia & Europe Maritime routes monsoon winds to connect India east to China & west to Arabian Peninsula & Africa

21 Effects of Indian Trade
Increased trade leads to rise in banking Bankers lend money to merchants, careful of degree of risk Increased trade spreads Indian culture to other places Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to other lands

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