1. Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills
Chapter 9
Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills
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2. Chapter 9 Anticipation Guide

3. Importance of Content-Area Literacy
Curriculum Gap
Too much stress on early literacy (decoding and fluency)
Too little stress on science, social studies, and other content areas

4. The Challenge of Content-Area Literacy
Students Unprepared for Content-Area Reading
Denser text
Richer vocabulary
More complex structure
Different purposes

5. The Challenge of Content-Area Literacy
Textual Features that Foster Learning
Extra help
Audio version
Publisher aids
Trade books
Easier texts

6. Instructional Techniques
Help Students Build Conceptual Understanding
Help Students Make Connections
Use Effective Reading and Learning Strategies

7. Instructional Techniques (Continued)
Before Reading
Structured overview
Anticipation guides
During Reading
Chapter organization & text structure
Think-Alouds
Strategy guides

8. Instructional Techniques (Continued)
After Reading
Analogies, esp. for science
Graphic organizers
Applying and extending
KWL Plus: Before, During, & After Reading
Know, Want to Know, Learn

9. Figure 9.3: A Think-Aloud Self-Questionnaire

10. Writing to Learn Using Types of Writing that Foster Learning Comparing
Contrasting
Concluding
Evaluating

11. Writing to Learn (Continued)
Learning Logs
Students examine & express what they are learning
Brief Writing-to-Learn Activities
Admit slips
Exit slips
Quickwrite activities

12. Sheltered English for ELLs
Fosters Learning of English & Content
Student-Centered
High Levels of Participation
Hands-On Activities
Visuals
Scaffolded Learning
Wait Time
Multiple Types of Assessment

13. Sheltered English for ELLs (continued)
Sentence Walls
Use for content areas
Include vocabulary, topic, questions
Function as language lesson, too

14. Reading To Remember Most Students Require Instruction
Teaching Study Skills Improves Performance
Study Habits Develop Early

15. Fostering Retention Three Stages of Memory Fostering Retention
Encoding
Storing
Retrieving
Fostering Retention
Principles for Improving Memory
Clear encoding
Intention to learn
Organization, elaboration
Overlearning

16. Fostering Retention (Continued)
Memory Devices
Conceptual understanding
Rehearsal
Mnemonic devices: rhymes, acronyms, acrostics

17. SQ3R Principles of SQ3R Teaching SQ3R Survey Question Read Recite
Review
Teaching SQ3R
Can be applied at all levels

18. Test-Taking Strategies
Assessments -Extensive
High-Quality Literacy and Intervention Programs Best Strategy
Observe Student Test-Taking Skills
Analyze observations
Apply findings to instruction

19. Test-Taking Strategies (Continued)
Effective Test Preparation
Reading ability
Content knowledge
Motivation
Provide Practice at Students’ Reading Level
Locate and Recall
Teach students this basic skill

20. Using The Internet To Obtain Information
Help Students Narrow and Focus Topic
Keywords
Search Engines and Directories
Student-friendly search engines
Evaluate sites and data
Assess reliability

21. Figure 9.13: Internet Search Form
Adapted from Creighton University (2001). Conducting an Internet Search. Available online at

22. Metacognitive Study Strategies
Teach Students How To Direct Own Studies
Integrate into all content areas
Use scaffolding
Students should self-regulate study behaviors

23. Tools for the Classroom
Informational Text Helps Build Many Skills
Attempt To Match Student’s Reading Levels with Content-Area Materials
Review Essential Standards
Assess Understanding of Content-Area Materials and Study Habits