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1 Overheads – Abnormal Psychology Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
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2 What makes behavior abnormal? Actions, thoughts, & feelings = harmful to the person or to others. Experiencing symptoms like anxiety or depression Not able to function in a job Not able to relate to people – enduring relationships
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3 Abnormal Behavior 18-20 percent of all persons in the U. S. exhibit symptoms = abnormal. Not the same as unusual behaviors. E.g. extreme intelligence & total honesty – unusual; but not abnormal.
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4 Abnormal Behavior Other behaviors are common, e.g. extreme prejudice, but they are clearly abnormal b/c they are harmful. E.g. Hitler’s Germany Cigarette smoking
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5 Other issues Abnormal if…. Symptoms are severe enough to be considered harmful Subjectivity – different depending on culture E.g. Zuni Indians – southwestern U.S. believed it was good to have hallucinations without drugs – meant Gods blessing you.
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6 Problems Even Psychologist cannot agree. Continuity Hypothesis Discontinuity Hypothesis Problems with diagnostic labels
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7 The concept of sanity Insanity – not a psychological term but a legal term. Three different legal meanings. Criminal defense Hearing on competency to stand trial Hearing on involuntary commitment to a mental institution
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8 Sanity Not guilty by reason of insanity Issue: could they tell right from wrong of have ability to control their actions? Severely psychotic or severely mentally retarded persons = insane. Rarely a successful defense.
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9 Sanity Competence to stand trial Can the person aid in his/her own defense? Involuntary Commitment Direct danger
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10 Anxiety Disorders 10-15 million Americans More prevalent with women than men. Increased vigilance (scanning & monitoring) for events. Phobias Specific Phobia Social Phobia Agoraphobia
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11 Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Symptoms not related to environmental trigger Free-floating anxiety Unending presence of symptoms
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12 Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Sharp, intense attacks of anxiety Respiration increases Rapid heartbeat – feel going crazy / die 5% women; 2% men 2,375 college student sample = 12% Very alert to ANS functioning Theory: classical conditioning
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13 Anxiety Disorders Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Haunted by terrible recollections Numbed to the ordinary emotions and pleasures of life Survivor guilt Anger & unrest Vietnam War – 500,000 veterans POW during WWII – still meet criteria in their 70s What puts us at risk? Burgess & Holstrom Dean Kilpatrick
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14 Anxiety Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Obsessions Compulsions 70% have both 25% only obsessions Problems with the limbic system of the brain
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15 Somatoform Disorders Soma = body Somatoform = take the form of physical problems Not faked
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16 Neurosis versus Psychosis Neurosis Psychosis
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17 Dissociative Disorders Changes in memory, perception, or identity. Often due to stress, but can occur in the absence of stress Detachment or separation from your body & watching yourself with a sense of detachment Dissociative Identity Disorder – multiple personality disorder
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18 Mood Disorders Major Depression Dysthmic Disorder BiPolar Disorder The risk for suicide – suicidal talk / plan / assessment
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19 Schizophrenia Severe distortion of reality Disturbance of thought & language Delusions Hallucinations Emotional disturbances – bland affect Withdrawal Positive versus negative symptoms
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20 Personality Disorders Inflexible, maladapative, personality traits Cannot function well in society Antisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Schizoid personality disorder
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21 Types of Schizophrenia Catatonic Type Disorganized Type Paranoid Type Residual Type Undifferentiated Type
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22 Childhood disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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