1. Happy semester with best wishes from all nursing staff Dr Naiema Gaber

2. Introduction to research 1703423-2
Dr Naiema Gaber

3. Lecture I introduction to nursing research
The intended learning outcomes (ILOs
After this lecture the student will be able to:
Define research and nursing research
Describe the link between research and evidence based practice
Identify the role of professional nurse in research
Define the common terminology used in research
Describe the history of nursing research

4. What is research? It is a systemic inquiry or study that:
Validate and refine knowledge
Develop new knowledge
The ultimate goal of research is the development of a research body of knowledge for a diciplin or a profession as nursing

5. What is nursing research?
Nursing research is a scientific process that validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new knowledge that can be used to improve clinical practice.
Practical nurses need to:
*read research report
*identify effective environments for
practice to promote positive outcomes
for patients and families

6. link between research and evidence based practice
Is integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values & needs in the delivery of high quality health care.

7. What is the importance of Nursing Research?
Nurses ask questions aimed at gaining new knowledge to improve pt. care
Research-based (evidence based) practice = integrating research findings into clinical decision making

8. What is the importance of Nursing Research? Cont.
To promote an understanding of pt.’s and families experiences with health and illness.
To implement effective nursing intervention ( the focus of quantitative research).
To provide high quality and cost effective care within the health care system ( a common focus of outcomes research)

9. What is the importance of Nursing Research? Cont.
To generate knowledge about:
*nursing administration
*health care services
*characteristics of nurses
* the role of the nurse
To provide high quality learning experiences for nursing students

10. Common research terminology
Description: identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena. Through descriptive research the nurse cam:
Describe the existing nursing practice
Discover new information
Promote understanding of situations
Classify information for use in the discipline

11. Common research terminology cont.
Explanation: clarifies the relationship among phenomena and identifies the reasons why certain events occurs
Prediction: estimation of s specific outcome in a given situation. Nurses may be able to anticipate the effects that nursing interventions would have on patients and families

12. Common research terminology cont.
Control:
Using “rules” to decrease error and increase probability that study findings are an accurate reflection of reality
Ensure results that reflect true relationship among variables
Reduction of the influence of unwanted “extraneous” variables

13. Common research terminology cont.
SAMPLING
Who/what do you want to study?
Choosing subjects who are “representative” of the study population

14. Common research terminology
Variables:
Measurable characteristic that varies among subjects
Research is conducted because this variance occurs!
Types of variables:
Independent – presumed cause
Dependent – presumed effect

15. Common research terminology
Data:
Pieces of information obtained in a study. Data are the actual “values” of the study variables
Quantitative - numeric value
Qualitative - narrative descriptions

16. Common research terminology
RIGOR:
Striving for excellence in research. Involves:
Discipline
Adherence to detail
Strict accuracy!
Uses precise measurement tools

17. Common research terminology
SETTINGP
Location of the study - can affect results
Natural Setting: Uncontrolled, real life situation
Partially Controlled: Manipulated or modified in some way
Highly Controlled: Artificial environment for sole purpose of doing research. Decreases effects of outside influences

18. Common research terminology
Trial and error:
Is an approach with unknown outcomes that is used in a situation of uncertainty in which other sources of knowledge are unavailable
Traditions:
Truths or beliefs that based on customs and trends.

19. Quantitative Research
Formal, objective, systematic process using
measurement
hypothesis testing
data analysis
It is traditional approaches such as experiments and surveys

20. Qualitative Research
Evaluate subjective life experiences and give meaning to them
Focuses on understanding phenomena from an individual’s perspective
Approaches: observation, in-depth interviews, case studies, narrative analysis

21. Outcomes research The area of examination in this research:
It focused on examining the result of care or determining the changes in health status for the patients.
The area of examination in this research:
1-pt’s responses to medical and nursing interventions
2-improvement of pt’s physical functioning
3-functional outcomes achieved with health care services
4- pt’s satisfaction with the health outcomes, care served and health care providers
Nurses are playing an active role in conducting outcomes research through multidisciplinary research teams

22. What is your role in nursing research?
Consumers of research – read and evaluate
Participate in the research process, utilize findings
Conduct research

23. What is your role in nursing research?
The researcher role a nurse assumes expand with her advanced education and expertis.
BSN degree
synthesizing research findings from nursing profession and other disciplines for use in practice
Plan and implement research based changes in nursing care and collecting data for studies
Provide valuable assistance in identifying research problems

24. What is your role in nursing research?
Nurses with master :
Lead health care teams in making changes in nursing practice
Conduct focused initial studies in collaboration with other nurse scientests

25. What is your role in nursing research?
Doctorally prepared nurses:
Assume major role in the conduct of research and in the generation of nursing knowledge
Coordinate research teams that include MSN and BSN to facilitate the conduct of research

26. What is your role in nursing research?
The post doctorally prepared nurse:
Prepared nurses to assume a full researcher role and has a funded program of research.
They are expert in selecting and providing mentoring of new nurse researchers
Do all the research activities identified for the other levels of educational preparation

27. History of Nursing Research
Began with Nightingale and Crimean War- mid 1800s
Early 1900s – problems in nursing: education, staffing issues
1960s Practice oriented research; first nursing research journals
ANA Center for Research for Nursing

28. History of Nursing Research
National Center for Nursing Research (NIH); awards/grants to support nursing research & training
1993 – Re-designated at NIH as the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

29. summary
Nursing research is a scientific process that validates nursing and refines knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
Research is correlated to evidence based practice as it promote high quality and cost effective care within the health care system

30. Feedback questions Research is a systemic inquiry or study that:
a- Validate and refine knowledge
b- Develop new knowledge
c- Improve practice
d- All of the above
(d)

31. (c)
The integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values & needs in the delivery of high quality health care is
a- evidence based nursing
b- evidence based research
c- link between nursing and research
d-link between nursing and practice

32. (b) Estimation of s specific outcome in a given situation is called
a- Explanation:
b- Prediction:
c-control
d-description

33. THANK YOU