1. Chapter 4 Terms An Enduring Energy Future

2. Ten (10) key terms Biodiesel Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. In the textbook, it is said that “…. Gussing was self-sufficient, producing biodiesel from local rapeseed and used cook oil, as well as heat and power from the sun…”

3. Biomass energy or "bioenergy" The energy from plants and plant-derived materials—since people began burning wood to cook food and keep warm. Wood is still the largest biomass energy resource today, but other sources of biomass can also be used. In the textbook it is said that “….he used the biomass-steam gasification to plant that sold surplus electricity to the national grid.

4. Renewable energy Energy generated from natural resources as sunlight wind rain, tides, and geothermal heat which are naturally replenished Textbook : “ A growing number of towns are rapidly transitioning to low-carbon renewable energy” that means the carbon that can be naturally replenished.

5. Conventional fuels They include: fossil fuel(petroleum,(oil) coal propane and natural gas)and nuclear materials such as uranium. The two kinds of conventional fuels in use today are gasoline and diesel. The textbook refers as them, because the tenfold rise in the price of this fuels have devastated many economies.

6. The International Energy Agency (IEA) Is an intergovernmental organization which acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. Textbook : “…. They recently projected that the share of primary world energy from renewable will remain at 13% between 2005 and 2030.

7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Is a scientific intergovernmental body [ tasked to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. The panel was established in 1988 by two organizations of the United Nations. Textbook : “… they projected that, with a CO2-equivalent price of up to $50 per ton, renewable could generate 30-35% of electricity by 2030.

8. Renewable technologies: They are used to produce electricity and meet heating and cooling needs. Available now and ready for rapid scale-up. Experiencing growth also.

9. More … Megawatts A unit of power, equal to one million watts. Aka. Electricity Hybrid Anything derived from heterogeneous sources, or composed of elements of different or incongruous kinds: a hybrid of the academic and business worlds. Also known in the book as a “hybrid network” that connects different renewable energy sources together to create a new kind of system that would replace the outdated central power plants that we are used to.

10. Monopolistic A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity. A person with a monopoly. In every country, large scale domestic sources of renewable energy can be found, they have a monopolistic system. Africa has the most large scale sources of renewable energy today, they are a monopolistic system in renewable energy. United States, China, India, Australia, and Middle east have enormous solar resources. China’s wind resources alone can generate far more energy than they even use. In the United States, wind energy in just a few states could meet the total electricity demand of the whole country.

11. Holy Grail Any greatly desired and sought-after objective; ultimate ideal or reward. The value of storage goes beyond renewable, enabling better management of peak demand, providing a more stable grid and better power quality, reducing the need for new transmission lines. Better storage is the Holy Grail of renewable energy.

12. Insulate To cover or protect something with a material that stops electricity, sound, heat etc from getting in or out. (insulate something from/against something) Textbook : “ But it is possible to reduce the demand in existing building by insulating them properly, controlling unwanted air infiltration and improving performance for space and water heating,lighting,ventilation and air conditioning.

13. Subsidies: A direct pecuniary aid furnished by a government to a private industrial undertaking, a charity organization, or the like. A sum paid, often in accordance with a treaty, by one government to another to secure some service in return. A grant or contribution of money. The term is used in the book because the author is talking about improving energy markets. He is saying that elimination of subsidies for conventional fuels and technologies is the first and most important step government should take.