1. Introduction to Russian phonology and word structure Ch. 3: The description of consonants

2. Group work Quiz each other on the parameters of the table on p. 18

3. Q&A from handout What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters?

4. Q&A from handout What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters? –š, and ž, and ɣ and ʒ and ǯ –What role do they play?

5. Q&A from handout 3. What sounds in the table do not have Russian letters? –š, and ž, and ɣ and ʒ and ǯ –What role do they play? –Symmetry! Note, however, that the place of articulation for š, and ž, is different than that of š and ž and these sounds are restricted to certain environments (see pp. 21-22)

6. Q&A from handout 4. Most of the blank spaces could be filled (compare with the IPA chart). What could be there?

7. Q&A from handout 4. Most of the blank spaces could be filled (compare with the IPA chart). What could be there? –Velar nasal, voiceless r, uvular r, ŋ, th, glottal stop…

8. Q&A from handout 5. Note that some of the designations in the table are somewhat simplified or arbitrary. The Russian [v] is not fully an obstruent and sometimes acts like a glide, as we’ll see. Why might this be?

9. Q&A from handout 5. Note that some of the designations in the table are somewhat simplified or arbitrary. The Russian [v] is not fully an obstruent and sometimes acts like a glide, as we’ll see. The relatively recent history of this sound helps us understand its status.

10. Q&A from handout Discuss #6. Note the connectedness of phones in the chart. It is very real! Every phone bears a series of relationships to other phones and this affects their behavior as subgroups.

11. Q&A from handout 7. What is the difference between palatal & palatalized?

12. Q&A from handout 7. What is the difference between palatal & palatalized? –Palatal is a primary articulation, it describes an essential property of a sound –Palatalized is a secondary articulation, it describes an additional, not a primary articulation

13. Q&A from handout 8. What is the issue with the palatalized labials?

14. Q&A from handout 8. What is the issue with the palatalized labials? –There is a conflict between the primary and secondary tonality. Labials are naturally very low in tonality (like velars). Palatalization gives a heightened tonality. This is an unstable combination and can dissimilate/diphthongize, cf. Cz běžet [bježet]

15. Q&A from handout 9. What is the vocalic version of [v]?

16. Q&A from handout 9. What is the vocalic version of [v]? –[u]! The parallelism between [i] and [u] will become clear when we get to the vowels…

17. Q&A from handout 10. Transcribe –дач –вял –боль –свой –рожь

18. Q&A from handout 10. Transcribe –дач [da’č,] –вял [v,a’l] –боль [bo’ļ] –свой [svo’j] –рожь [ro’ž]

19. Q&A from handout 11. Write the correct Russian word: –[p,a’n] –[jo’š] –[po’t] –[p,jo’t] –[la’j]

20. Q&A from handout 11. Write the correct Russian word: –[p,a’n]пян –[jo’š]еж –[po’t] пот –[p,jo’t]пьет –[la’j]лай

21. Q&A from handout 12. What do they have in common? –š, ž, č, j ǯ,

22. Q&A from handout 12. What do they have in common? –š, ž, č, j ǯ, –Palatals –fsšx

23. Q&A from handout 12. What do they have in common? –š, ž, č, j ǯ, –Palatals –fsšx –Voiceless fricatives –p b m

24. Q&A from handout 12. What do they have in common? –š, ž, č, j ǯ, –Palatals –fsšx –Voiceless fricatives –p b m –Labials –p t k

25. Q&A from handout 12. What do they have in common? –š, ž, č, j ǯ, –Palatals –fsšx –Voiceless fricatives –p b m –Labials –p t k –Voiceless stops

26. A couple of last notes... It is very important to remember that Russian, unlike English, lacks aspiration! Can you pronounce unaspirated voiceless stops accurately??? Note that Russian [t] and [d] are true dentals, unlike English t and d. Russians can hear the difference! Can you???? Getting these two things right will do a LOT to reduce your foreign accent!