1. Idongesit Ebong (1-1) Jenna Fu (1-2) Bowei Gai (1-3) Syed Hussain (1-4) Jonathan Lee (1-5) Design Manager: Myron Kwai Overall Project Objective: Design a chip as part of a system that accommodates the growing demand for radio frequency identification (RFID) technology while creating a quicker, more convenient shopping experience. Presentation #3: Smart Cart 525 Stage III: 2 Feb. 2005 Size estimates/floorplan

2. Status Design Proposal Project chosen Verilog obtained/modified Architecture Proposal Behavioral Verilog simulated Size estimates/floorplanning Gate-level implementation to be simulated in Verilog Floorplan and more accurate transistor count  Schematic Design (30% done)  Layout  Simulations

3. Memory types  Price and coupon lookup table  SRAM (will be updated)  Combined price and coupon lookup into one table, added “control” bit to distinguish between the two Bit widths  Will input different values at different clock cycles; mux using operation code select line will determine whether the function will be performed or not  Inputting store card for encryption 16 bits at a time (using a counter and muxes) to save bits Design Decisions

4. Two SBOXes for encryption 14x7 Carry-Save Multiplier  Convenient to lay out 14-bit Carry-Select Adder  Even though we aren’t focusing on speed, it would be nice to cut down on delay with so many bits Design Decisions

5. Updated Design Flow Encryption Block

6. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm Inputs: 32-bit text and 32-bit key Key expansion  Takes in a 32-bit key, puts it in a state diagram, performs byte substitution and other operations Add round key  XOR’s the key with its round texts Transformations  ByteSub  ShiftRow  MixColumn

7. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm ByteSub Each column is dubbed a word For our implementation, we only have a 2x2 state matrix http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.311.pdf

8. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm SBOX A HUGE ROM http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.311.pdf

9. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm ShiftRow Each row except the first one is shifted http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.311.pdf

10. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm MixColumns Multiply each word by a fixed matrix

11. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm AddRoundKey XOR round text with round key to get cipher text

12. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm Key Expansion Takes each word in the previous round key state diagram and performs certain operations  If the word subscript is a multiple of 4 then the word becomes the (previous word shifted down once and byte substituted)^(the previous 4 th multiple)^(RC N-1 ) Where N=current round and we’re given RC 1 =2 RC N-1 is padded with zeros to make its size the length of each word  If the word is not a multiple of 4 then the word becomes (previous round’s corresponding column)^(previous word)  Ex: W 4 =W 0 ^ByteSub(ShiftDownOne(W 3 ))^(00_00_00_02)  Ex: W 5 =W 1 ^W 4

13. Rijndael Encryption Algorithm Whole Picture

14. Encryption Floorplan

15. Floorplan Estimated area:  Encryption37,516 μm 2  Multiplier14,489 μm 2  Adder3913 μm 2  SRAM20,000 μm 2  Logic (muxes, buffers)15,000 μm 2  Registers (inputs/outputs)8000 μm 2  Total98,918 μm 2 Estimated density:  (17,456 transistors)/(98,918 μm 2 ) =.18 transistors/μm 2

16. Floorplan

17. Metal directionality:

18. Floorplan Interconnect  Metal1 & Metal2: Vdd, Gnd, local interconnect  Metal3 & Metal4: Clk, reset, global interconnect

19. Problems & Questions Most efficient implementation of top-level design  Decided to share inputs since we would have otherwise gone way over the 100-pin limit  Power consumption Newest implementation of top-level more efficient and saves power by “disabling” other blocks when not needed Floating point or not???  Toooooo late

20. Behavioral Verilog Simulation 0 lastPrice= x, finalTotal= x, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x UPDATING COUPONS AND PRICES 15 lastPrice= x, finalTotal= 0, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x ADDING ITEMS ================================================= Adding 1000 with price of 500c 245 lastPrice= 500, finalTotal= 0, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x 255 lastPrice= 500, finalTotal= 500, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x Adding 1010 with price of 750c 275 lastPrice= 750, finalTotal= 1250, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x Adding 0000 with price of 900c 295 lastPrice= 900, finalTotal= 2150, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x REMOVING ITEMS ================================================= Removing 1010 with price of 750c 315 lastPrice= 750, finalTotal= 1400, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x APPLYING COUPON ================================================= Applying 0000 Coupon of value 20c 335 lastPrice= 20, finalTotal= 1380, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x PERFORMING CHECKOUT ================================================= Applying Tax of 3 percent 365 lastPrice= 20, finalTotal= 142140, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=x Take 2 decimal places to the left to get answer in cents Take 4 decimal places to the left to get answer in dollars COLLECTING CREDIT CARD INFO ================================================= 420Done 445 lastPrice= 20, finalTotal= 142140, Encrypted_Datareg=xxxxxxxx, Done=0 555 lastPrice= 20, finalTotal= 142140, Encrypted_Datareg=991b8daf, Done=1

21. Structural Verilog Simulations Encryption ENCRYPTION, STRUCTURAL SIMULATION -> encryption works fine, problems with the counter (done bit). ncverilog: *W,DLCPTH (/afs/ece.cmu.edu/project/sandbox/.vol1/NCSU/local/cdssetup/cds.lib,4): cds.lib Invalid path '/tmp/project' (cds.lib command ignored). DEFINE project /tmp/project/ | ncsim: *W,DLCPTH (/afs/ece.cmu.edu/project/sandbox/.vol1/NCSU/local/cdssetup/cds.lib,4): cds.lib Invalid path '/tmp/project' (cds.lib command ignored). Loading snapshot worklib.testRijndael:v.................... Done ncsim: *W,TCLINT: TCL init scripts not found, check TCL_LIBRARY. ncsim> run 0 clk=0, done=x, text_out=xxxxxxxx 2 clk=1, done=0, text_out=xxxxxxxx 4 clk=0, done=0, text_out=xxxxxxxx 6 clk=1, done=0, text_out=xxxxxxxx 8 clk=0, done=0, text_out=xxxxxxxx 10 clk=1, done=0, text_out=19151b16 12 clk=0, done=0, text_out=19151b16 14 clk=1, done=0, text_out=7bba5cd9 16 clk=0, done=0, text_out=7bba5cd9 18 clk=1, done=0, text_out=dea3dea6 20 clk=0, done=0, text_out=dea3dea6 22 clk=1, done=0, text_out=f7cb2a90 24 clk=0, done=0, text_out=f7cb2a90 26 clk=1, done=0, text_out=e832d2b8 28 clk=0, done=0, text_out=e832d2b8 30 clk=1, done=0, text_out=375ae65c 32 clk=0, done=0, text_out=375ae65c 34 clk=1, done=0, text_out=474b144c 36 clk=0, done=0, text_out=474b144c 38 clk=1, done=0, text_out=5aca9514 40 clk=0, done=0, text_out=5aca9514 42 clk=1, done=0, text_out=653cd653 44 clk=0, done=0, text_out=653cd653 46 clk=1, done=1, text_out=e684a113 48 clk=0, done=1, text_out=e684a113 50 clk=1, done=0, text_out=c908b86d 52 clk=0, done=0, text_out=c908b86d 54 clk=1, done=1, text_out=7b6b290d 56 clk=0, done=1, text_out=7b6b290d Simulation complete via $finish(1) at time 57 NS + 0./test.v:32 #53 $finish;

22. Structural Verilog Simulations Adder and Multiplier vlog testAdder.v run -all # 0A= 0, B= 0, total= 0, Cin=0 # 20A= 1, B= 1, total= 2, Cin=0 # 40A= 534, B= 24, total= 558, Cin=0 # 60A= 534, B= 24, total= 510, Cin=1 # 80A= 1043, B=1021, total= 2064, Cin=0 # 100A= 1043, B=1021, total= 22, Cin=1 # 120A= 1638, B= 127, total= 1765, Cin=0 # 140A= 1638, B= 127, total= 1511, Cin=1 # 160A= 4094, B= 100, total= 4194, Cin=0 # 180A= 2195, B=1011, total= 3206, Cin=0 # 200A= 4996, B= 100, total= 5096, Cin=0 # 220A= 5012, B= 30, total= 5042, Cin=0 # 240A= 5500, B= 999, total= 4501, Cin=1 # 260A= 6000, B= 100, total= 5900, Cin=1 # 280A= 8091, B= 100, total= 8191, Cin=0 # 300A= 7000, B= 100, total= 7100, Cin=0 # 320A= 9000, B= 100, total= 9100, Cin=0 # 340A= 2047, B=1023, total= 3070, Cin=0 # 360A=16383, B=1023, total=15360, Cin=1 vlog testMultiplier.v run -all # 0A=16383, B=127, product=2080641 # 20A= 4094, B=100, product= 409400 # 40A= 4095, B=100, product= 409500 # 60A= 4096, B=110, product= 450560 # 80A= 5000, B=109, product= 545000 # 100A= 5500, B=106, product= 583000 # 120A= 6030, B=107, product= 645210 # 220A= 8000, B=105, product= 840000 # 320A= 7001, B= 99, product= 693099 # 420A= 9000, B=105, product= 945000 # 520A= 0, B= 0, product= 0 # 540A= 1, B= 1, product= 1 # 560A= 534, B= 24, product= 12816

23. Updated Transistor Count Encryption7414 Multiplier3122 Adder936 SRAM2560 Logic (Muxes, buffers)2524 Registers (inputs/outputs) 900 Total17,456 Previous19,820

24. The Real “Floorplan…”

25. Sweet layouts A“butt”mentMetal5 Interconnect