1. chapter 19
Motor Development
John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue

2. TIE T = task requirements I = individual differences
E = environmental factors

3. A Transactional Model of Causality in Motor Development and Movement Skill Acquisition

4. Categories of Movement
Stability
Locomotion
Manipulation

5. Motor Development Theoretical Frameworks
Dynamic systems theory
Phases of motor development

6. Dynamic Systems Theory
Affordances—enabling factors
Rate limiters—inhibiting factors

7. Phases of Motor Development
Reflexive
Rudimentary
Fundamental
Specialized

8. Reflexive Movement Phase
Information encoding stage
(in utero to 4 months)
Information decoding stage
(4 months to 1 year)

9. Rudimentary Movement Phase
Reflex inhibition stage
(birth to 1 year)
Precontrol stage
(1 to 2 years)

10. Fundamental Movement Phase
Initial stage
(2 to 3 years)
Elementary stage
(4 to 5 years)
Mature stage
(6 to 7 years)

11. Specialized Movement Phase
Transition stage
(7 to 10 years)
Application stage
(11 to 13 years)
Lifelong utilization stage
(14 years and up)

12. The Hourglass: Gallahue’s Lifespan Model of Motor Development
Reprinted, by permission, from D.L. Gallahue and J.C. Ozmun, 2002, Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults, 5th edition (Boston: McGraw-Hill), 92.

13. Infant Reflexes
Primitive reflexes
Postural reflexes

14. Selected Primitive Reflexes
Moro
Asymmetrical tonic neck
Symmetrical tonic neck
Grasping
Babinski
Sucking

15. Selected Postural Reflexes
Labyrinthine righting
Supportive reactions
Pull-up
Stepping
Crawling
Swimming

16. Infant Reflexive Behavior Indicating Possible Neurological Developmental Delay
Nonexistence of reflex response
Weakness of reflex response
Asymmetrical reflex response
Persistence of reflex response

17. Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Stability)
Control of head and neck
Control of trunk
Sitting
Standing

18. Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Locomotor)
Horizontal movements
Upright gait

19. Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Manipulative)
Reaching
Grasping
Releasing

20. Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Manipulative)
Throwing
Catching
Kicking
Striking

21. Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Locomotor)
Running
Jumping
Hopping
Galloping