1. Chapter 12 Transformations Around the Globe

2. Section 3 Assessment
Rich got wealthy through land purchases; increased debt for poor.
Latin American trade greatly increased, but no industrialization
To ensure its own security
Caudillos protected upper-class privliges.

4. Discuss w/ your partner:
Who are the two people in this picture?
What is going on in this picture?
What is Uncle Sam already wearing?
What is he getting fitted to wear next?

5. Section 3 US Economic Imperialism
Latin America After Independence
Political instability caused by:
Lack of experience w/ democracy
Caudillos who used their countries to grow wealthy
Upper class supported caudillos to keep power from lower class
Economies grow under foreign influence
Industrialization improved Latin American exports
Balance of trade favored West
LA countries spent most of the income they received from exports on imported West manufactured goods
Did not develop their own manufacturing industries
Borrowed $ to build roads, school, or hospitals
Led to West Economic Imperialism in LA
Caudillos: military dictators in Latin America

6. US Latin American Empire
Monroe Doctrine discouraged Euro nations from establishing colonies in LA
Spanish-American War
Cuba wanted independence from Spain
Jose Marti: writer who led war for Cuba’s independence; killed while fighting
US wanted to protect its businesses in Cuba & did not like the Spanish brutality over the Cubans
US joins war and beats Spain
Spain lost control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines
US becomes an imperial power in Latin America & the Pacific
Panama Canal
A shorter sea route was needed for shipping goods
Columbia controlled Panama
Pres Roosevelt offered $10 million to build canal
Columbia wanted more, US encouraged revolution in Panama
Panama gains independence and gives US rights to land for building canal

7. US Economic Imperialism
1. In what ways did landowners “enslave” peasant workers?
Landowners forced workers into debt by paying low wages w/ vouchers that could be used only at supply stores that were run by landowners. Prices there were high, so workers were always in debt.
2. How was land distributed during colonial times?
Unevenly, with land ownership restricted to a wealthy few
3. What political problems did independent nations face as a result of European colonial rule?
People had little or no experience with democracy and were used to political power being restricted to a few; rule by caudilos, or dictators, often resulted.
4. How did advances in technology affect Latin American industries?
Increased Latin American exports but kept Latin America dependent on importing manufactured goods
5. How did foreign countries gain control of Latin American industries?
Foreign lenders took over Latin American industries in payment for unpaid loans with high interest rates
6. Why did Latin American nations remain poor and unindustrialized after they gained independence?
Latin American nations focused only on their exports and saw no reason to industrialize as they imported manufactured goods from Europe and North America
7. Why did President Monroe issue the Monroe Doctrine?
To protect the independence of Latin American nations and the security of the US
8. How did the Spanish-American War make the US the dominant imperial power in Latin America?
The US gained the rest of Spain’s colonial empire; the Monroe Doctrine prevented powerful European nations from building empires in the Americas
9. How did the US expand its influence in Latin America in the early 1900s?
By building the Panama Canal, setting up a military gov’t in Cuba, investing in Central & South American countries, and using troops to intervene in Latin American Countries