1. CHM 3240 – Biochemistry Instructor - Paul Stein S3305 phone = 6065 email = pstein@css.edupstein@css.edu Meeting Times - MWF 9:15 - 10:20 - S2316 Office Hours:MWF 1:00-2:15, T 10:00-11:00, R 1:00-2:00 Please feel free to make an appointment or drop in at any time. Title: Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Authors: Nelson and Cox iClickers required Daily 3 point quizzes General Education - Fine Arts – and Biochemistry

5. Draw structural formulas for the following: draw all bonds except those to H atoms. e.g. Ethanol = CH 3 – CH 2 - OH methylamine acetic acid An ester formed from two compounds above An amide formed from two compounds above Acetaldehyde or ethanal acetone (dimethylketone)

6. Draw structural formulas for the following: draw all bonds except those to H atoms. e.g. Ethanol = CH 3 – CH 2 - OH methylamine acetic acid An ester formed from two compounds above An amide formed from two compounds above Acetaldehyde or ethanal acetone (dimethylketone) CH 3 – NH 2 O || CH 3 – C-O-CH 2 -CH 3 O || CH 3 – C-H O || CH 3 – C – CH 3 O || CH 3 – C-NH-CH 3

7. Macromolecules Carbohydrate ― polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones sugars: monosaccharides & disaccharides e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose polysaccharides: e.g. starch, glycogen, cellulose Lipids ― soluble in nonpolar solvents fatty acid esters ― steroids ― prostaglandins ― leukotrienes Protein ― functional polymers of amino acids enzymes ― transporters/receptors ― immunoglobulins etc. Nucleic Acid ― polymers of nucleotides DNA – genetic material that encodes information for cell’s proteins RNA- conversion of DNA information into protein may also function as regulators of gene expression & catalysts

8. Macromolecule Functions Structure ― Make up the substance used to construct cells and the extracellular matrix of organs Energy ― Serves as the fuel for cellular metabolism Digestion of macromolecules followed by the oxidation of the molecular units of macromolecules provides cellular energy. Communication ― molecules inform and direct the regulation of cellular processes. Examples include: nerve transmission, regulation of gene expression, regulation of metabolism, cell-cell interactions etc.

9. Molecule → Function ↓ CarbohydarateLipidProtein Structure Plant cell walls Cellulose Extracellular matrix Chondroitin sulfate Cell Membranes Phosphoglycerides Lipid Bipalyer Fibrous proteins Collagen Skin, bone, etc. Wool - silk Energy Starch/Glycogen Sugars: e.g. Glucose & fructose Fat/Oils Triglycerides Dietary protein dairy – casein Seed storage proteins Muscle fiber Communication Glycoproteins Cell signaling Blood type Steroid hormones Leukotrienes Immune response Protein/peptide hormones Receptors

10. Macromolecule Functions Energy ― Serves as the fuel for cellular metabolism Nutrition Labels Total Fat - saturated - trans - cholesterol Total Carbohydrate ― starch and sugars dietary fibers ― mostly cellulose (undigestible) Protein Na, Ca, Fe, Vitamins A & C

11. GoodBadIndifferent saturated fat trans fat cholesterol sugars fiber Na Ca Fe Vit. A Vit. C

12. Nutrition Labels – peanut butter Serving size: 2Tbs (32g) (35 servings per container) Calories 190: calories from fat 130 Total fat 16g (25%) saturated fat3g (16%) trans fat0g cholesterol0mg(0%) Sodium110mg(5%) Total carbohydrate 7g (2%) dietary fiber2g (12%) sugars3g Protein 7g (3%) vitamin A 0%vitamin C 0% calcium 0%iron 4% Calories Fat ~ 9 Cal/g Carbohydrate & Protein ~ 4 Cal/g

13. Body Mass Index - BMI wt in lbs ht 2 in in 2  730 wt in kg ht 2 in cm 2  10,000 1 kg = 2.23 lbs. & 1 in = 2.54 cm underweight < 18.5 normal18.5 – 24.9 overweight 25.0 – 29.9 obese > 30.0 Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Men = 66 + 13.7  wt (kg) + 5  ht (cm) – 6.6  age (yrs) Women = 655 + 9.6  wt (kg) + 1.8  ht (cm) – 4.7  age (yrs) add 30% for ordinary activity add 50% for regular exercise

14. Polymers of Amino Acids PROTEINS Protein sequence YMGCFTSSGLIVVEHY... Structure Function DNA (gene) mRNA