1. Biochemistry Includes: Discussion/study of molecules found in living things Discussion/study of chemical processes found in living things (biochemical processes)

2. Biochemical Process: chemical processes that occur in living things Provides energy and raw materials needed for homeostasis Examples: –Photosynthesis: process by which light energy is stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules (carbs) –Respiration: chemical energy stored in carbs is released for use in cells

3. Inorganic Molecules: do not contain Carbon and Hydrogen –Examples: water, salts, acids, bases, oxygen gas…)

4. Organic Molecules: contain both carbon and hydrogen Four major categories –Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)Carbohydrates –Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils)Lipids –Proteins (structural and functional)Proteins –Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)

5. Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O General Formula: CH O 2 H:O::2:1

6. Basic Unit: Monosaccharide

7. Monosaccharides…are ready energy sources!!!! Dehydration synthesis: making a complex substance by adding smaller pieces with the removal of water Hydrolysis: the breakdown of an organic molecule into smaller pieces by adding water

10. Dissacharide Two sugar units combined Maltose and sucrose (also lactose)

11. Polysaccharides Many sugar units combined

12. Polysaccharides…storage or structural –Starch…storage plants –Cellulose…structural plants –Glycogen…storage animals

13. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches Names of sugars end in –ose Functions of carbs –Energy storage/supply –Cell structures

14. Lipids Fats, waxes, oils Elements: C, H, O No 2:1 ratio 2 basic units: glycerol and 3 fatty acids

15. Fatty acids (3)…may be saturated or unsaturated (double bonds)

16. Glycerol

19. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N Building blocks: amino acids