1. Ch. 5, “Crisis in the Colonies”

2. European Rivals in North America
FRENCH TERRITORY
NEW SPAIN
13 COLONIES
Ohio River Valley
FLORIDA
(owned by Spain)

3. Conflict in the Ohio Valley
France was determined to stop the English from expanding westward
Native Americans chose sides
French – built strong alliances with Hurons and Algonquins
English – allied with the Iroquois by playing on tribal rivalries and offering trade goods at low prices.

4. 1754 – French & Indian War Begins
Washington led 150 men against 700 at Ft. Duquesne (Ft. Necessity)
He was only 22 years old!
Had to surrender, was eventually released

5. Fort Duquesne

6. Fort Necessity

7. Albany Congress Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union
His plan was rejected

8. 1757 1755 1759 1763 General Pitt turns the tide,
captures Ft. Duquesne, changed name to “Pittsburgh”
String of British Defeats under British General Braddock – Take off those red uniforms!!!
1755
1759
British practice rock climbing at the Battle of Quebec
1763
Treaty of Paris ends war

9. Death of Wolfe by Benjamin West

10. Turmoil over taxation

11. Pontiac’s War
Pontiac, an Ottowa chief who had fought for the French, led an attack on British troops at Fort Detroit
Thought French would come to their aid
Sorry….the war’s over…!
Resulted in the Proclamation of 1763

14. 10,000 British Soldiers to the Rescue!
King George III sent troops to enforce his proclamation
Most didn’t care for the backcountry so they hung out in the cities
Stationing British troops in the colonies proves to be very costly

16. The French & Indian war plunged Britain deeply into debt.
Turmoil over Taxation
The French & Indian war plunged Britain deeply into debt.
Prime Minister George Grenville figured that the colonies should have to share the burden of taxes.

17. Taxes, Taxes
Sugar Act – tax on molasses actually lowered the existing tax but was enforceable
Stamp Act – tax on legal documents
9 Colonies signed a petition saying that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies.
American’s boycotted British goods so the Stamp Act was repealed
Townshend Acts – new taxes on certain goods

19. Issue? No taxation without representation
The colonies had no representation in Parliament and therefore had no voice

20. Colonial Protests Grow
Writ of Assistance (right to search a ship without reason)
Sons of Liberty hang tax collectors in effigy
Daughters of Liberty started a boycott of British cloth

21. Samuel Adams Organized rallies, stirred up public support
Started a letter writing campaign called the “committee of correspondence”

22. John Adams Schoolteacher then lawyer
Knowledge of British law made people respect him

23. Abigail Adams
The wife of John Adams, the first Vice President, and second President, of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States. She was the first Second Lady of the United States and second First Lady of the United States.
Her letters provide an eyewitness account of the American Revolution.

24. Mercy Otis Warren
Wrote plays making fun of the British officials

25. Boston Massacre

26. Temporary Calm
British merchants harmed by the colonies’ boycott pressured Parliament to end the taxes.
“There must always be one tax to keep up the right [to tax]” – King George

27. Boston Tea Party (1773)

28. Reaction – Intolerable Acts (1774)
Boston harbor was shut down until colonists paid for the tea
Massachusetts colonists were forbidden to hold meetings more than once a year
Customs officials and officers had to be tried in England
Colonists would have to house officers in their own homes.

29. Quebec Act Set up a government for Canada
Gave complete freedom to French Catholics
Extended borders of Quebec to include some of the Ohio River Valley
Angered the colonists even more

30. First Continental Congress (1774)
12 colonies represented
Agreed to boycott all British goods until Intolerable Acts were repealed
Set up militia

31. Lexington and Concord (April 18, 1775)
British marched to seize the colonists stash of weapons and gunpowder
Paul Revere’s ride
“The Shot heard round the world”

33. Old North Church, Boston
“one if by land, two if by sea….”