2. Unit 7 Unit 7 Emergency Emergency

3. Teaching Objectives 1. Understanding the main idea (Anthony Falzo saved two children in a courageous deed) and structure of the text (three parts—what happened before, during and after the incident). 2. Appreciate the advantages of specific words over general words. 3. Grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text.

4. Warm-up Activities 1. Can you think out some examples of emergency? fire earthquakeflood car accidentdrowningfracture

5. 2. What should you do in such conditions? 3. Do you know anything about doing first aid? Give some instructions.

6. Basic First Aid Procedures Bleeding and Wounds Place a clean cloth or gauze ( 纱布 ) and gloved hand over the wound; apply firm steady pressure for at least 5 minutes. Call 9-1-1 (US:911; Britain:999; China:120) or other emergency personnel if bleeding is severe. Elevate an injured arm or leg above the level of the victim's heart if practical. When bleeding stops, secure the cloth with a bandage ( 绷带 ). Do Not lift the cloth from the wound to check if bleeding has stopped. Be sure the bandage is not too tight--it may cut off circulation. Check the victim for shock ( 休克 ). Never use a tourniquet ( 止血带 )unless you cannot control the bleeding. Tourniquets may result in subsequent medical amputation ( 截肢 ).

7. Burns Chemical or Compressed Gas Burns Use a hose ( 软管 ), shower ( 淋浴器 ) or faucet (tap) for at least 15 minutes to rinse away all traces of chemicals while removing any contaminated clothing from the victim. (See illustration 1.)hose ( 软管 ), shower ( 淋浴器 ) or faucet Cover the burn loosely with a clean, dry cloth. Check the victim for shock. Call 9-1-1 or seek medical attention as soon as possible.

8. Heat or Electrical Burns Use water to stop actual burning of skin if necessary. If the skin is not broken, immerse the burned area in cool (not ice) water, or gently apply a cool compress until pain is relieved. Bandage with a clean dry cloth. Do not break a blister ( 水泡 ) if one forms. Do not apply ointments or creams. If skin is broken, or if burns are severe: Call 9-1-1 or other emergency personnel. Do not clean the wound or remove embedded clothing. Cover the burn loosely with a clean, dry cloth. Expect shock and treat accordingly.

9. Choking Stand directly behind the victim and wrap your arms around his stomach. Make a fist with one hand and place that fist just above the navel ( 肚脐 ) and well below the ribs, with the thumb and forefinger side toward you. Grasp this fist with the other hand and pull it quickly toward you with an inward and slightly upward thrust. Repeat if necessary.

10. Unconsciousness Determine responsiveness by gently tapping the victim's shoulder and asking, "Are you O.K.?" If there is no response, shout "Help!" and look for a medical alert tag on the victims neck or wrist. If victim is not breathing and has no pulse, begin CPR ( Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation 紧急心脏复苏术 ). CPR Call 9-1-1 or seek medical aid as soon as possible.

11. Drowning Get the person out of the water. Do not try to rescue someone if it will severely endanger your life. Rather call for help, and try to reach the person from land with a pole or rope. Tie yourself to something secure on shore if you have to swim to the person. Do the ABC. Check for foreign bodies in the airways, such as weed, but do not waste time by trying to drain swallowed water. If the person needs CPR, start immediately.CPR Once on shore, place the person in the recovery position if there are no spinal ( 脊椎的 ) injuries. Keep the person warm. If you suspect a spinal injury and CPR is not required, don't move the person to land. Keep him lying face up in the water until help arrives. All near-drowning victims should be observed in hospital for 24 hours.

12. CPR ( Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation 紧急心脏复苏术 ) saves lives. CPR combines mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions to rescue a person who has no pulse. The purpose is to keep oxygenated blood circulating to the brain and other vital organs until help arrives. If the brain is starved of oxygen for more than four minutes, permanent brain damage can result. Therefore, immediate action is required and every second counts. In these situations, think A,B,C: Airway, Breathing and Circulation. First, open the airway, then start breathing, and then start chest compressions. Always do it in this order.

13. Text A Kids on the Track!

14. Pre-reading Activities How do you understand courage? How does courage relate to the theme of Unit — emergency (Kids on the track!)? Try to cite some courageous deeds which happened around you ? What qualities are necessary when one handles an emergency?

15. General Introduction Incident: Time: Place: Characters: Kids on the track Morning, May 1, 1989 Ramsey, N. J., USA Kate PritchardGary Pritchard Todd & Scott (three and half) (18 months) (conductor, medium in height and strongly built, 35 years old) (engineer) Anthony Falzo Rich Campana

16. Text Organization PartsParagraphsMain Ideas Part 1Paras 1-13 While Kate was putting the groceries away and her two sons were heading for the railroad, a train was approaching. (What happened before the incident) Part 2Paras Part 3Paras 14-33 34-35 Anthony prevented a horrible railroad accident and saved the lives of the Pritchard children at the risk of his own. (What happened during the incident) Anthony and the Prichard became great friends. (What happened after the incident)

17. Predictions (1) Read the title “ Kids on the Track! ” which has an exclamation mark. What does the title imply? Who might have uttered the exclamation? Hint: Emergency.

18. (2) Read paragraph one and answer the following questions. (a) Why does the author describe how Kate carried the groceries from her car to the house? Hint: She was so preoccupied with the task that she neglected her sons, which later caused the accident.

19. (b) Why does the author mention a train horn, Conrail, and the lack of a fence between the Pritchards ’ yard and the railway? Hint: They foreshadowed the later accident. (c) Why does the author include in the story the ages of Todd and Scott? Hint: That tells the reader they were too young to understand the importance of staying away from the railroad.

20. The author skillfully includes in the first paragraph the above-mentioned hints of the story to be unfolded.

21. Language Points

22. struggle with: have difficulty handling or coping with She struggled with the math problem but eventually worked it out. We found the Smiths struggling with their car stuck in the mud.

23. a thumbs – up gesture: This is a sign that you make by making a fist and raising your thumb to show that you agree with someone, that you are happy with an idea or situation, or that everything is all right.

24. draw one’s attention to : make sb. aware of and be concerned about sth. The article was intended to draw the public’s attention to environmental protection. My teacher drew my attention to an error in the term paper.

25. signal: v. send (sth. such as a warning or a message) by a light or an act The student raised his hand, signaling to the teacher that he had finished his paper. She signaled a passing taxi and asked him to take her to the railway station. n. 信号，暗号 A red lamp is often used as a danger signal.

26. out of the way: at a distance from the usual route; in a state or condition so as not to hinder (used after a verb) Step out of the way and let me handle the stone. The house is well out of the way on the back road.

27. resume: vt. begin (sth. or doing sth.) again after a pause The search for the missing pilot is expected to resume early today. We’ll stop now and resume (working ) at two o’clock. n. 简历 resumé

28. mess around / about: (inf.) spend time playing or doing things with no particular purpose He spends his weekends messing around in his boat on the Thames. The kids spent all day Sunday just messing around.

29. Making a summarization of Part 1 and make a lead-in to part 2 by doing exercise in Page 205 (Two main scenes in part 2). ScenesParagraphsMain Events Part 1 Part 2 Paras 14-27 Paras 28-33 What happened when the train was moving. What happened after the train came to a halt.

30. spot: v. see or recognize Thank you for pointing out the error ; I hadn’t spotted it. He left the house seconds before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs. n. 1) (unit 4) a particular place a nice spot for a picnic 2) 污点，斑点

31. instant: moment, a very brief period of time The alarm bells started ringing and at the same instant all the lights went off. The magician came to the stage with a bunch of flowers. And then, in an instant, the flowers turned into a bird.

32. pull on: take hold of (sth.) and pull (it) with strength The child pulled on his mother’s coat wanting to leave. Sophia pulled on the rope, shouting “help”.

33. explode: burst with a loud noise The clap of thunder exploded overhead, which frightened the child into crying. A bomb exploded at one of London’s busiest railway stations this morning.

34. reach out: stretch one’s arm, usu. in order to get or touch (sth.) (often followed by infinitive to) (+for) The monkey reached out a hand for the banana. (+to v.)The child reach out to pick up the toy.

35. clear of: free from, not in contact with The plane climbed until it was clear of the clouds. The man kept clear of his wife after the argument.

36. up and down: higher and lower c.f. ups and downs (inf.) good and bad periods following one another in turn e.g. Life is full of ups and downs.

37. visible: that can be seen (often followed by to /from) These cells are not visible to the human eye. The TV tower is just visible from my bedroom window.

38. twist: 1) Turn round; revolve The instant they left, he twisted to try and get free of the ropes. I twisted round in my seat to speak to her. 2) bend sth. so as to spoil its natural shape His face was twisted with pain. The bus was so crowded that my body was twisted, my legs at an awkward angle.

39. via: by means of ; by way of It’s easy and quick to communicate with friends via email. Mr. Brake will return home via Britain and France.

40. shelter: vt. protect;cover (often used in the pattern shelter sb. / sth. from) Plant herbs next to a wall to shelter them from the wind. These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight. n. something that gives protection an air raid shelter 防空洞 a bus shelter 候车亭 A shelter for the homeless 收容所

41. Assignments