1. Relation of Punjabi to Urdu Curriculum Punjabi ( ਪੰਜਾਬੀ / پنجابی) “Language for the land of 5 rivers” Ijaz A Malik Assistant. Professpr Urdu Program, DLIFLC

2. Outline Geographic location Demographic facts Political power Cultural facts Punjabi dialects Punjabi script and vocabulary Differences between Urdu and Punjabi Sources of Punjabi Conclusion

3. Western & Eastern Punjab Maps of Western and Eastern Punjab

4. Demographic facts Punjabi is widely spoken and understood in Pakistan and India Spoken by nearly 120 million people in the world Spoken by about 80 million people in Pakistan Spoken by about 30 million people in India Nearly 10 million people speak Punjabi in Canada, United Kingdom, USA, Malaysia and Middle East Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, but only 9% of population speaks Urdu as their mother tongue

5. Political Power More members of the National Assembly than combined members of other provinces (148 to 110) Dominant in the armed forces Economically richest province of Pakistan In India, Punjab province is the main food supplier In India three Prime Ministers were from Punjab

6. Culture Culture of Pakistan is linked with the Indus Valley civilization which is the root of Punjabi culture Punjab is the largest and richest province of Pakistan; therefore, the culture of Pakistan is influenced by the Punjabi people

7. Punjabi women maintain traditional dress

8. Punjabi men maintain traditional dress

9. Weddings maintain traditions

10. Dialects of Punjabi Punjabi has many dialects: –Main Punjabi (widely spoken in central Punjab) –Hindko (Northern areas of Pakistan) –Siraiki (Southwestern Punjab) –Potohari (Rawalpindi area) –Mirpuri (Azad Kashmir area) Spoken Pakistani Punjabi and Indian Punjabi are the same Pakistani Punjabi uses Arabic/Persian/Urdu script Indian Punjabi uses Gurumukhi script

11. Indian Punjabi Scripts Gurumukhi Script

12. Pakistani Punjabi Script Shahmukhi Script

13. Pakistani/Indian Punjabi scripts compared Sārē insān āzād tē ḥuqūq tē ‘izzat dē liḥāẓ nāl barābar pædā næn. Oh ‘aqal samajh tē cangē mundē dī pachān tē aḥisās rakhadē ne is dasţē lohnān nūn ikk dūjē nāl bhā´īcārē wālā salūk karna cāhī dā æ.

14. Grammatical Features (Differences)

15. Punjabi/Urdu Verbs (Differences)

16. Urdu/Punjabi Vocabulary (Similarities)

17. Other Urdu/Punjabi Differences Urdu is considered a status symbol after English in educated circles of Pakistan The most distinctive phonological feature of Punjabi is the preservation of the medial geminates following a short vowel in stressed syllables. Heavy stress on second syllable causes weakening of the first.

18. Urdu/Punjabi Differences ( Cont.) Persian final clusters are often broken by an inserted post-tonic vowel, e.g. ’rasam (< rasm) “custom" Consonant changes are less remarkable, with q and ḡ regularly reduced to k

19. Some Punjabi Language Sources Newspapers: Sajjan, Wajj, Khabran, Bhulekha, Sanjaha Verah and more Radio programs National and local TV programs Punjab University Lahore and other colleges Local programs sponsored by Punjab Government: Waris Shah Mela, Punjab Rang Many more programs around the globe

20. Conclusion Punjabi is very important for Urdu learners who are focusing on Pakistan Punjabi could be included in Urdu programs One additional semester after Urdu studies might achieve a goal of ILR 2 or higher

21. Thanks Questions/Comments Contact Ijaz A Malik 831-242-4536 Defense Language Institute, Monterey, CA E-Mail: ijaz.malik@us.army.mil