1. Napoleon & Nationalism Napoleon’s Reforms / Empire Congress of Vienna Revolutions in Latin America Nationalist Revolutions in Europe

2. Rise of Napoleon 1. Saves Government from uprising 2. Seen as a National Hero with victories in Europe 3. Coup de Tat in 1799 over Directory 4. Plebiscite (vote of people) for a New Constitution 5. Napoleon had all real power

3. Napoleon’s Actions 1. Fairer Taxes 2. Stopped corruption in government with Lycees 3. Concordat with Pope / Clergy gained more power 4. Napoleonic Code (code of laws) 5. 1804 becomes Emperor 6. Not content as Emperor of France, wants to control Europe

6. Napoleon Creates an Empire 1807-1812 After becoming emperor of France, Napoleon looks to expand France’s empire in Europe Napoleon had unpredictable strategies that crushed opposition Lost only one major battle to British, Battle of Trafalgar (Horatio Nelson) 1812- greatest extent of Napoleon’s empire (only lasted 5 years)

7. Napoleon Empire Collapses 3 Costly Mistakes The Continental System (blockade) Peninsular War (Guerillas) Invasion of Russia (Scorched Earth Policy)

10. Napoleon Empire Collapses 1815 Napoleon is defeated at battle of Liepzig (sent to Elba) The Hundred Days and the Battle of Waterloo Sent to St. Helena (died in 1821) Legacy of Napoleon ???

12. Congress of Vienna European Leaders meet to bring peace and stability to Europe Klemens von Metternich of Austria, most influential leader Has 3 Goals Containment of France Balance of Power Legitimacy

13. Congress of Vienna Legacy Victory for Monarchies / (France and Great Britain only Constitutional Monarchies) Nations afraid of Revolutions Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria, Prussia) Concert of Europe (not a success) Values of French Revolution eventually spread throughout Europe

16. Latin American Independence Haiti, first territory to free itself from European rule Toussaint L’Ouverture begins movement for indepencence Independence achieved under Jean-Jacques Dessalines

18. Latin American Society Peninsulares- men born in Spain Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America Mestizo’s- persons of European/Indian ancestry Mulattos- persons of European/African society Africans Indians

19. Causes of Latin American uprisings Unfair Latin American hierarchy Creoles / Enlightenment ideas Creoles / New King of Spain

20. South American Independence Simon Bolivar (Venezuela) San Martin (Argentina) December 9 th 1824, battle of Ayachucho Dom Pedro (Brazil)

22. Mexican Independence September 16 th 1810, Padres Miguel Hidalgo and the Grito de Dolores 1811 Jose Maria Morelos leads rebels (defeated in 1815) 1821 Austin de Iturbide declares independence in 1821 United Provinces of Central America declared independence in 1823

26. Nationalism Changes Europe Loyalty not to King/Empire but to a nation of people with common culture/history 1830 Greece wins independence from Ottoman Empire Failed Revolutions of 1848

28. Nationalism Changes Europe France 1848 Paris mob overturns monarchy and establishes a republic Election of Louis Napoleon Took on title of emperor Russia Russia behind Europe Alexander II frees the serfs in 1861 Alexander III tightens Czar control but helps to modernize Russia

30. Bonds of a Nation-State BondDefinitionUS example Nationality Language Culture History Religion Territory

31. Nationalism Shakes 3 Empires Austria-Hungarian Empire Composed of Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, Slavs and Italians Russian Empire Composed of Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, and Turks Russification Ottoman Empire Composed of Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and Armenians 1856 Equal citizenship was granted

32. Italy creates a nation state 1848, Giuseppe Mazzini tries to create a republican government Camillo di Cavour Alliance with France to unite Northern Italy General Garibaldi unites Southern Italy Challenges after Unification Rome becomes seat of government Tensions among provinces Language Economics

35. Germany creates a nation state Otto Van Bismark Master of Realpolitik War to mold a state War with Dutch for Schleswig and Holstein 7 weeks war with Austria Franco-Prussian War Second Reich is born Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser Wilhelm