1. HEALTH & ILLNESS

2. Definitions of Health States
Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease (WHO)
Illness: the unique response of a person to a disease
Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual

3. The Human Dimensions of Health
Physical dimension — genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender
Emotional dimension — how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions
Intellectual dimension — cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
Environmental dimension — housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water

4. Cont. Human Dimensions of Health
Sociocultural dimension — economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
Spiritual dimension — spiritual beliefs and values

5. Models of Health and Illness
The agent-host-environment model: The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors.
The health-illness continuum: Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum
The high-level wellness model
The health belief model
The health promotion model

6. Factors Affecting Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices
Risk factors for illness
Factors in the human dimensions that influence health-illness status
Beliefs and practice
Basic human needs
Self-concept

7. Basic Human Needs (Maslow)

8. Factors That Influence a Person’s Self Concept
Past experiences
Interpersonal interactions
Physical and cultural influences
Education

9. Types of Illness Acute illness Chronic illness
Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
Examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
Chronic illness
A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations
Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus

10. Stages of Illness Behavior
Experiencing symptoms
Assuming the sick role
Assuming a dependent role
Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

11. Levels of Preventive Care
Primary prevention — e.g., diet, exercise, immunizations
Secondary prevention — e.g., screenings, mammograms, family counseling
Tertiary prevention — e.g., medications, surgical treatment, rehabilitation