1. Minorities in Germany Groups and Guest Workers Courtney Novotny E.J. Paterline Caitlin Bradford

2. History of Immigration Guest worker program From Mediterranean countries Many from eastern Europe Ethnic Germans expelled by the Soviets after the war Considered citizens under the Basic Law Seek employment, citizenship, and political asylum

3. The Guest Worker Program Invited to Germany to rebuild after the Berlin Wall was built Invited to Germany to rebuild after the Berlin Wall was built East German workers lost East German workers lost Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Yugoslavs and Turks Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Yugoslavs and Turks By 2002, two thirds of the guest workers had stayed in the country By 2002, two thirds of the guest workers had stayed in the country Generations of families can be found Generations of families can be found

4. Population  9% of the population  Danes, Sorbs, Slavic peoples, and Gypsies 7.3 million foreigners 7.3 million foreigners  Turks 1,900,000  Yugoslavs565,000  Italians350,000  Poles260,000  Austrians185,000

5. Demographics Two thirds live in the north Two thirds live in the north – Hamburg, Berlin, and the Rhine River area Live in urban areas Live in urban areas Few live in the former GDR Few live in the former GDR – Few job opportunities – Those who live there are mainly from the former Soviet bloc countries

6. Turks

7. History of Immigration Came as guest workers –Rebuilt Germany after World War II –Temporary immigrants Families came later Replaced East German workers after the Wall was built Now over 2 million in Germany

8. Integration At first, no integration At first, no integration –Planned to leave Content with their new lives Content with their new lives Identify themselves as Turkish-Germans, not Turks Identify themselves as Turkish-Germans, not Turks Turkish Community in Germany Turkish Community in Germany –Defends the rights and views of Turkish immigrants

9. Afro- Germans

10. A Little Bit of History Africans were thought to be lowest human form No one knows exact time when first Afro- Germans were born –D–D–D–Date back to the end of WWI as a distinct population 19th century - Germany and Africa involved in trade Blacks brought from Africa to show what blacks looked like and to prove Germans had really been to Africa. –E–E–E–Eventually to be slaves

11. During Middle Ages Africans were portrayed as evil With the rise of National Socialism many Afro- Germans were sterilized During third Reich Afro- Germans/Africans couldn’t get or keep jobs Citizenship and passports were taken away Two Generations of Afro- Germans at Die Weisse Rose.

12. Loss of Identity Raised as Germans but not treated as Germans Raised as Germans but not treated as Germans Germans have their sense of nationality from Aryan purity - Afro-Germans left out Germans have their sense of nationality from Aryan purity - Afro-Germans left out Ostracized by Germans - “mulatto,” “moor,” and “Negro” Ostracized by Germans - “mulatto,” “moor,” and “Negro”

13. Afro-Germans Today 500,000 Afro-Germans make up the 80 million total population in Germany today 500,000 Afro-Germans make up the 80 million total population in Germany today Many of the Afro- Germans today are of American G.I. heritage Many of the Afro- Germans today are of American G.I. heritage

14. Works Cited “Ethnic Minorities.” Federal Foreign Office. 2000. 30 Nov. 2004. “Ethnic Minorities.” U.S. Library of Congress. 2003. 30 Nov. 2004. “German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” Germany Online. 16 Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004. Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Goethe-Institut. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004. Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” The University of Rochester Press. 29 Nov. 2004. “Minorities in Germany.” German Info. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004. Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press,1986. “Turkish Community in Germany.” Türkische Gemeinde in Deutschland. 17 Jan. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004.

15. Works Cited “Ethnic Minorities.” Federal Foreign Office. 2000. 30 Nov. 2004. “Ethnic Minorities.” U.S. Library of Congress. 2003. 30 Nov. 2004. “German ‘Guest Workers’ Offer Lesson in Immigration Policy.” Germany Online. 16 Jan. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004. Loick, Antonia. “Turks in Germany – A Special Group Within German Society.” Goethe-Institut. 2004. 29 Nov. 2004. Mazón, Patricia, and Reinhild Steingröver. “Not So Plain as Black and White: Afro-German Culture and History, 1890-2000.” The University of Rochester Press. 29 Nov. 2004. “Minorities in Germany.” German Info. 2004. 30 Nov. 2004. Opitz, May, Katharina Oguntoye, and Dagmar Schultz, ed. Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out. Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press,1986. “Turkish Community in Germany.” Türkische Gemeinde in Deutschland. 17 Jan. 2003. 29 Nov. 2004.