1. The Indian Monsoon ATS 553

2. Geography Lesson Indian Subcontinent Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau Pakistan Afghanistan

4. Reversal of the Winds Most dramatic seasonal reversal of the winds in the world.

5. Northern Summer Flow @ SFC

6. Northern Winter Flow @ SFC

7. SST in the Arabian Sea

8. Wind Direction: Notice the shift in direction with the onset of the southwest monsoon. 0 90 180 270 0

9. SST in the Arabian Sea Wind Speed: Notice that the southwest Monsoon (summer) is much stronger than the northeast monsoon. 0 90 180 270 0

10. SST in the Arabian Sea Temperature: Once the southwest monsoon begins, SST begins to fall, despite the fact that it is June! 0 90 180 270 0

11. SST in the Arabian Sea Heat Flux: During the southwest monsoon, heat flux is often negative due to huge amounts of evaporation! 0 90 180 270 0

12. Positive Feedback in the Winds In the Summer: –Continent heats up more than the oceans do. –Strong flow from the ocean towards the land. –Very strong flow results in greater mixing in the Arabian Sea. –Therefore, SSTs fall—Arabian Sea is actually COLDER in the summer than it is in the winter! –Results in even stronger monsoon flow!

13. Onset/Withdrawal Dates

14. Monsoon Trough Location

16. Extremely high temperatures in northern India and Southern Pakistan.

17. A strong heat low!

18. Extremely high dewpoints in northern India and Southern Pakistan. Notice Myanmar!

19. Why is the Southwest Monsoon so much stronger than the Northeast Monsoon?

20. To have a strong “winter” monsoon… …you need the continent to cool down in the winter. Best accomplished by cold air outbreaks from the north.

21. The Himalayas are in the way!

22. Seasonality In Summer: –The continent heats up a lot. –Feedbacks keep SSTs low. –Southwest monsoon is strong. In Winter: –The continent doesn’t cool down all that much. –SSTs aren’t particularly warm. –Northeast monsoon is weak.

23. Southeast Asian Monsoon Which is why the winter monsoon is so strong in southeast asia!