1. Humanism, Literature and the Protestant Reformation

2.  When did it begin? In the 16 th century England, the Church of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church (and from the Pope too)

3.  Several important factors that caused the Reformation were … 1. European Protestant Reformation was spreading widely (it started in 1517) 2. Decline of Feudalism 3. The invention of the printing press helped the Bible to circulate throughout the country 4. And King Henry VIII …

4.  Educational reform movement  Focuses on the human experience on its own terms  Return to antiquity  Revival of classical learning and thought.  Latin and Greek

5.  Dutch Renaissance Humanist  Also a Catholic  Classic Scholar  “Prince of the Humanists”  Wrote Criticisms of the Catholic Church

6.  The Enchiridion  The Praise of Folly  Latin and Greek editions of The New Testament

7.  Luther’s movement began the year after the publication of the New Testament  Martin Luther used the 2 nd edition to help him with his own New Testament writings in German  Erasmus led the Humanists in condemning the forms of corruption within the Church  He thought that true religion was a matter of inward devotion as opposed to ceremony and ritual  Luther borrowed this Humanistic principle.

8.  Erasmus became pressured to side with the Church or the reformers  Although he had critiqued the Church, he always argued that he was not attacking the institution itself  Luther asked him to join the Lutheran party and he said….(any guesses?)

9. Thanks, but no thanks

10.  Luther’s view came from the fallen state of man  One can only be redeemed through the grace of God  This separated Lutheranism from Humanism and Erasmus

11. French protestant theologian  Calvinism - is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. Focuses also on predestination, total depravity, unconditional election, irresistible grace, perservance of the saints. Strong emphasis on the original creation which doesn ’ t credit human achievement.  Humanism -Dignity and worth of all people. Truth and morality is sought through human investigation and rejects dependence on a belief without reason. Sorry God. -Sir Thomas More

12.  15th century English morality play -Dignity and worth of all people. Truth and morality is sought through human investigation.  God Opening of play- God is upset that humans are too absorbed in material wealth and riches which loses focus on Him. He summons Death to go to “everyman” and hear their accounts for their empty lives which leads to finding others to speak on their behalf.

13. Christopher MarloweJohn Calvin

15.  Printing press allows Martin Luther to spread material quickly (1517)  A century later, follows the Western Schism; a time of disarray in the church  Without ability to transmit material quickly, history might have been quite different

16.  95 Theses  Manuscript form  Prints  Pamphleteering

17.  Translation of the Bible into many languages (from Latin)  Self-interpretation of the Bible  Less reliance upon the priest figure  Questioning of religious authority (ie repentance via a father)

18.  “How-To” books bring education to general public without apprenticeship-oriented training  Books become cheaper, accessible

19.  University becomes prominent, takes new shape  Accessibility to information through literature  University as a place for research, scholarly journals

20.  Unified scientists  Allows scientists to share material with ease, compared to the past  Copernicus (1543) “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres”  Biology, Physics, Astronomy