1. Commands Review Review this BEFORE retaking the test.

2. Commands Review An INFINITIVE is a verb that ends in -ar -er -ir Examples: lavar, vivir, beber, comer, limpiar…

3. Commands Review The way tú commands are formed depends on the INFINITIVE. If it ends in –ar, drop the ‘r’. If it ends in –er or –ir, drop the ‘r’. Examples: Bebe – drink » Limpia - clean

4. Commands Review How do you form UD. Commands? Easy…..take ‘habla’ for example. Change the ‘a’ to an ‘e’ and you get ‘hable,” which is the UD. form.

5. Commands Review How do you form UDS. Commands? Easy…..take ‘habla’ for example. Change the ‘a’ to an ‘e’ and you get ‘hable,” Now add ‘n’ and you get ‘hablen,” which is the UDS. form.

6. Negative Commands To form the negative command of an Ud. command, just add NO. an Uds. command, just add NO. (The command itself is the same in the affirmative as in the negative.) Only the Tú command changes (from a to e or from e to a, plus add an ‘s’). Example: No hablesNo comas No saques

7. Commands Review Stem-changing verbs like JUGAR and QUERER change from ‘u’ to ‘ue’ and ‘e’ to ‘ie’. These changes stay when you turn the verb into a command: Juega – play Quiere – want The negavive Tú command is: No juegues We changed the ‘a’ to ‘e’ and added an ‘s’ Plus it’s a car/gar/zar verb (que, gue, ce)

8. Commands Review -car/gar/zar verbs are regular –ar verbs. You drop the R to make a tú command and you turn the a to an e to make an Ud. Command. And to make an Uds. Command, you turn the a to an e AND add an ‘n.’ But when you change the a to an e, you have to replace the c with qu, the g with gu and the z with c (so you end up with -que, -gue, and -ce.)

9. Commands Review el, la, los, and las mean ‘the’ They look a lot like lo, la, los and las But they are NOT the same. El perro (the dog) can be converted into the pronoun it (lo). La casa (the house), can be converted into the pronoun it, too (la).

10. Commands Review Los estudiantes can be converted into the pronoun “them.” Example: Traelos. (Bring them.) Las casas can be converted into “las,” which means “them.” Example: Limpialas. (Clean them.)

11. Commands Review Double object pronouns are when you have two pronouns together in one command. Example: Show it to me. It is one pronoun and me is another one.

12. Commands Review Irregular Commands: Tener – ten – no tengas Hacer – haz – no hagas Salir – sal – no salgas You have to memorize the irregular ones (they are in your notes!).

13. Commands Review Test yourself: What is the negative of ‘Escuchenme.” (Listen to me.) ? A. No escuchenmec. No me escuchas B. No me escuchend. No me escuchan

14. Commands Review No me escuchen. It’s an UDS. Command (it ends in ‘n’) and does not change when you put it in the NEGATIVE form.

15. Commands Review Test yourself (one more): What is the negative of ‘Lavalo.” (Wash it.) ? A. No laveslo.c. No lo lavan B. No lo lavasd. No lo laves.

16. Commands Review d. No lo laves. It’s an Tú Command (it ends in ‘a’—lava– and then has the pronoun ‘lo’). Tú commands always change in the NEGATIVE form. ‘a’ changes to ‘e,’ plus you add an ‘s.’