1. Turn in your 1920s political cartoon Read this document and write down your thoughts on its relationship to the clash of values

2. Bell ringer Give an example of each Fear of othersClash of values Racism Ethnic Prejudice Nativism New Morality Fundamentalism Social Issues (decline)

3. Politics & Government Weak government scarred with political scandal & unreliable leadership. 3 republican presidents of the 1920s o Scandal o Disconnected from average American o Favored business over citizens

4. Ohio Gang “Harding’s Old Poker Buddies” Harding 29 th President Albert Fall Sec. of Interior Andrew Mellon Sec. of Treasury Harry Daugherty Attorney General Charles Forbes Veterans Bureau “Return to Normalcy”

5. Warren Harding Promoted ISOLATIONISM after WWI “ Return to Normalcy” o Back to NORMAL life before the war. Cabinet filled with corruption One of the worst presidents in history Americans distrust elected officials

6. Teapot Dome Scandal Albert Fall ◦ Sec. Interior ◦ Secretly (illegally) leased land to private companies ◦ Lands were oil reserves for US Navy  Teapot Dome, WY  Elk Hills, CA ◦ 1 st Pres. Cabinet member to go to Prison

7. Andrew Mellon-Sec of Treasury “government should be run like a business” Balance the budget Reduce government spending Cut taxes Believed high taxes were bad because they limited money for individual o Spending o Investment o Savings Huge tax cuts for o Wealthiest Americans o Corporations Tax burden placed on middle class Business could invest tax cuts to promote business Supply Side Economics  business

8. More Harding Scandal Charles Forbes o Head of Veterans Bureau o Had illegal contracts and sold government property hospital medication Kept money o BUSTED Committed Suicide Henry Daugherty Attorney General Used pvt Ohio banks to launder money. Took bribes Used power of immunity to keep from going to jail… Bottom Line….Americans start to distrust elected officials

9. Calvin Coolidge Became President when Harding suffered a heart attack. “ Business of America is Business.” 1924 Election o “Keep it Cool with Coolidge” o No war, reform or scandal o Few issues during good economy and no war. Deregulation = o Business & Wall Street can do whatever they want.

10. Herbert Hoover Sec. of Commerce o Promoted Economic stability Trade associations amongst businesses o Disconnected from average Americans o Disconnected about the realities of the Crash To be continued ……

11. Economics Economic prosperity which promoted overproduction of goods, overspending, & incurring debt o After WWI – economy not good. o New Products & process helped spur economy o Business deregulation----  Business producing o People grow over confident because of jobs

12. Growing Economy Mass Production o Large scale production o Created Supply o Reduced costs o Machine manufactured Assembly line o Divided operations into simple tasks Model T o Tin Lizzie Henry Ford o Shortened Work Week o Paid Vacations o Increased worker wages o 8 hour shifts o Business Philosophy Lower cost of car=sale more cars. 1908 = $850 1924 = $295

14. Growing Economy High Sales = Imitators o Chrysler o General Motors Spurred growth for other industries o Glass o Rubber o Petroleum Created new business o Mechanic Garages o Gas Stations

15. Growing economy Airplanes o US Post office Airmail o Lindbergh Trans-Atlantic flight o Spirit of St. Louis o Commercial Airlines Radio o NBC o CBS News Sports Entertainment Advertising o Mass Standardization of culture. More people liked the same things

16. Consumer Credit Over confidence in US economy led purchasing on credit. Credit- buy now, pay later. Big Purchases on credit o Car o Radio o Appliances Electricity in homes boosted WANTS. o Electric razors o Toasters o Washing machines o Radios o Vacuum cleaners

17. Why over confident ? Strong Economy Protective tariffs ensure Americans don’t buy foreign goods Americans are spending money on goods & services So Businesses are making profits Businesses hire more workers to make more products Americans are employed & making money The problems Foreign markets place tariffs on American goods Expensive purchases done on CREDIT.. Buy now, pay later Stocks rise causing Americans to grow overconfident in the stock market Over confidence means Americans are spending not saving Americans find themselves in severe debt

18. So what happens????? Economy starts to slow To maintain profits employers cut wages or fire workers Unemployed workers are no longer buying goods Meaning, businesses are selling less products To maintain profits employers cut wages or fire workers Unemployed workers are no longer buying goods Workers are not only broke but in severe debt….Bank doesn't care that you were FIRED….Pay your bills or lose your home!

19. Stock Market Stock = shares “ownership in a company” Gamble BUY LOW + SELL HIGH = Make A Lot of Money

20. Stock Market Bull Market = Long period of rising stock prices Belief: Prices will continue to go up… Problem: Creates overconfidence in the market ( SPECULATION ) Mistake: People buy stocks on Credit ( MARGIN )…

21. Margin Call= borrowers had to repay loan at once

22. Stock market crash of 1929 Dates: October 29, 1929 Also Known As: The Great Wall Street Crash of 1929; Black Tuesday

23. What caused the Crash? Crash Over Production of Goods Decline of agricultural prices. High tariffs restrict foreign demands for American goods Low Wages reduce consumer buying power Mistakes by the federal reserve

24. Over Production of Goods Low Demand for goods No spending money Workers fired or reduced wages Cycle gets worse & worse

25. Escape Jim Crow laws in the south More job opportunities Better educational opportunities

26. HARLEM, NEW YORK  Harlem, NY became the largest black urban community  Harlem suffered from overcrowding, unemployment and poverty  However, in the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance

27. HARLEM, NEW YORK  All owned by African Americans  Businesses  Restaurants  Apartment Buildings  Safety  Racial Pride  Voting

28. THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE  Explosion of Culture  Artist  Jazz Music  Cotton Club  Literature Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence

29. LANGSTON HUGHES Missouri-born Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet  Missouri-born Langston Hughes was the movement’s best known poet  Many of his poems described the difficult lives of working-class blacks  Some of his poems were put to music, especially jazz and blues

30. What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— Or fester like a sore— And then run? And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Or does it explode?

31. LOUIS ARMSTRONG  Jazz was born in the early 20 th century  In 1922, a young trumpet player named Louis Armstrong joined the Creole Jazz Band  Later he joined Fletcher Henderson’s band in NYC  Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz

32. EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE” ELLINGTON  In the late 1920s, Duke Ellington, a jazz pianist and composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club  Ellington won renown as one of America’s greatest composers

33. EXPANDING NEWS COVERAGE  Radio- brought news, sports, entertainment into American homes.  News Paper-y As literacy increased, newspaper circulation rose and mass- circulation magazines flourished  Mass Standardization Americans were hearing & believing the same things across the country.

34. LINDBERGH’S FLIGHT  Pilot Charles Lindbergh  Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo trans-atlantic flight  He took off from NYC in the Spirit of St. Louis and arrived in Paris 33 hours later to a hero’s welcome  Showed U.S. technological superiority and ingenuity.

35. WRITERS OF THE 1920s  Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the phrase “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s  Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby  The Great Gatsby reflected the emptiness of New York elite society

36. WRITERS OF THE 1920  Ernest Hemingway, wounded in World War I, became one of the best-known authors of the era  In his novels, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war  His simple, straightforward style of writing set the literary standard Hemingway - 1929

37. AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20s  Good Economy led to disposable income. Entertainment  Babe Ruth was a larger than life American hero who played for Yankees  Great Bambino  Sultan of Swat  Red Grange- All American football player “the Galloping Ghost”  Jack Dempsey- Heavyweight champion of the world  Tunney-Dempsey 1 st fight broadcast over the radio

38. ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS  Even before sound, movies offered a means of escape through romance and comedy  First sound movies: Jazz Singer (1927)  First animated with sound: Steamboat Willie (1928)  By 1930 millions of Americans went to the movies each week