1. RENAISSANCE 800 A.D. 1095 A.D. 1233 A.D. Feudalism begins in Europe
Inquisition
First Crusade
1350 A.D.
Black Death arrives in Europe
RENAISSANCE BEGINS

2. During the middle ages much of the great advancements made by the Greeks and the Romans had been forgotten due to the decline of living conditions in Western Europe. People went from living comfortable lives with good jobs and educations, to living in very poor conditions, where there was constant turmoil, war, poverty, and hunger. This time period is known as the dark ages.
The dark ages lasted for hundreds of years, as many generations of individuals lived and died in these terrible conditions. Then in the middle A.D. 1300s things slowly began to improve. People began again to discover the arts, and technologies of the Romans and Greeks, making life a little easier. We call this period of time the Renaissance. The Renaissance began around A.D in Italy, and continued until about A.D

3. What was the Renaissance?
Period following the middle ages ( )
Means “Rebirth” of classical Greek and Roman art and learning.
Began in Italy

4. What was the Renaissance?
After years of death and destruction, Europeans began looking to the past when times seemed better.

5. What is Humanism?
During the Renaissance, Europeans began to focus on the individual.
Many thought that people could help make the world better.

6. What is Secularism? Religion was still very important.
But human success was also important.
People became more secular.
Secular means they were more interested in this world than religion and getting to heaven.

7. PAGE 2
(CITY-STATES)

8. ITALIAN CITY-STATES

9. Why Italy? 1) Center of the old Roman Empire
2) Italy’s city-states became very wealthy
3) City-states competed with each other
Ruins and art surrounded the Italians and reminded them of their past
They could pay painters, sculptors, architects, and artists to produce new works
Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Rome

11. Italian City-States
During the Middle Ages, no ruler was able to unite Italy into a single kingdom.
Roman Catholic Church did not want a powerful kingdom in Italy
City-states fought each other
City-states became very wealthy : which helped keep them independent
Made money through trade (geography)

14. FLORENCE Florence No city was more famous
At first grew wealthy from trade
Trade brings in different types of coins
Different types of coins : banks
Later Florence became wealthy through BANKING

15. Venice the wealthiest city-state of all was Venice
built on swampy islands in northern Italy
today many streets are just canals
grew wealthy through ship building

16. PAGE 3 Polo (POH-loh) Medici (MEH-duh-chee)
Machiavelli (Ma-kee-uh-VEH-lee)

17. His stories got Europeans interested in China.
MARCO POLO
He was a merchant from Venice who journeyed to China.
He was sent on business all over China and learned more about
Asia than any other European.
He published a book about his travels.
His stories got Europeans interested in China.

19. MEDICI FAMILY Goods from all around the world were pouring into Italy
Merchants needed to know the value of foreign coins
Bankers began exchanging and lending money
The Medici family became Florence’s richest family and were bankers

20. Machiavellian: being tricky and not thinking about being good.
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
He was a diplomat in Florence who wrote a book called
The Prince.
He wrote that rulers should not worry about being good, but should do anything to keep their power.
Machiavellian: being tricky and not thinking about being good.

21. --The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli, George Bull, trans., 1981
“Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a prince to honor his word and to be straightforward rather than crafty in his dealings;
nonetheless experience shows that princes who have achieved great things have been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles
A prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them He should not deviate from what is good, if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that is necessary.”
--The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli, George Bull, trans., 1981

22. PAGE 4

23. HUMANISM Was a new way of understanding the world
Humanist believed that humans and the individual were important, they wanted to balance religion and reason
Italians began to study ancient Greek and Roman works
Francesco Petrarch: famous humanist poet and scholar who studied ancient Roman writings
He told Europeans to look for Latin writings in monasteries
New libraries were built to hold these writings
Known as the Father of the Italian Renaissance

24. HOW DID HUMANISM AFFECT SOCIETY?
Humanist scholars began to study many different topics.
Increases knowledge for society

25. PAGE 5 Da Vinci (duh VIHN chee) Alighieri (a luh GYEHR ee)
Michelangelo (My kuh LAN juh loh

26. Leonardo da Vinci was a famous Italian scientist, artist and inventor.

27. He sketched inventions for early helicopters, gliders, and tanks.

28. He also painted The Last Supper.

29. He is best known for his painting, The Mona Lisa.

30. WHEN I SAY DA VINCI, YOU SAY MONA LISA!

31. Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri was a poet who wrote The Divine Comedy. This long poem, 14,000 lines, tells of a journey from hell to heaven. It was so widely read because it was written in the vernacular.
Dante’s Inferno

32. DANTE = DIVINE COMEDY

33. Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press which helped spread humanist ideas faster.
The Gutenberg Bible was the first European book made on the new press.

34. More People Learned to Read
Printing Press
More Books
More People Learned to Read
More Ideas Spread Quickly

35. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
He painted what the Sistine Chapel in Rome. He sculpted the statue David as well as Moses.

36. PAGE 6 Shakespeare (SHAYK spihr) Cervantes (suhr VAN teez)
Gutenberg (GOO tuhn BUHRG)

37. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
William Shakespeare was a great English writer who wrote such tragedies as Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.

38. MIGUEL DE CERVANTES
Miguel Cervantes was a Spanish author who is widely known for his novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha.

39. PAGE 7
Art and Frescos

40. How did medieval and Renaissance artists differ?
Not meant to look realistic (birth of Jesus)
More symbolic
Followed Greek and Roman models
Tried to show people as they really were, realistic
Tried to show emotion
Three dimensional