1. SAND CREEK MASSACRE BY: REBECCA, KYLE, JAKE, KATIE, ALEX

2. WHAT HAPPENED THERE? Black Kettle flew an American Flag over his lodge to show the surrounding soldiers that they are friendly and prevent attacks. Chivington and his troops were heavily intoxicated and attacked the Native Americans. Captain Silas Soule and Lt. Joseph Cramer ordered them to not follow Chivington’s orders, but they ignored them. A white flag was flown up to stop the firing, but the soldiers didn’t stop until about 133 Indians were killed. 105 were women and children.

3. WHERE DID IT HAPPEN? The massacre occurred in the great plains. It was in the South Eastern Colorado Territory, at Sand Creek.

4. WHY DID IT HAPPEN? The battle was out of cold blood from the militia. There was no definite reason for the massacre to take place. Although, it’s said that the militia men were drunk.

5. PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE BATTLE: Black Kettle- Chief of Cheyenne native group. Chief Niwot- Leader of Arapaho natives. John Chivington- Leader of the militia that attacked the native camp.

6. EFFECT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIVES AND THE U.S. The Militia men were proud of themselves, while the natives were devastated. The U.S. Government created the Treaty of the Little Arkansas. It promised Indians free access to the lands south of the Arkansas River, excluded them from the North of the Arkansas River, and also promised land and cash reparations. Less than two years later, the government ignored the treaty and reduced their land by 90%.

7. IMPACT ON WESTERN SETTLEMENT Originally, the Treaty of Little Arkansas limited western settlement on land promised to Natives by the government. Two years later, the government went back on their promise and took 90% of the land away.