1. TWO EARTHQUAKES SEVERELY CUT NEW ZEALAND’S 2011 ECONOMIC GROWTH A DEEP (33 KM) M7.1 AND A SHALLOW (4 KM) M6.3 QUAKE SIX MONTHS APART COMBINE TO HALF NEW ZEALAND’S ECONOMIC GROWTH Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. ECONOMIC IMPACT The New Zealand Government's Treasury on Sunday, March 6 th released an estimate that February's magnitude 6.3 quake, combined with September's magnitude 7.1 temblor, would cost around 15 billion New Zealand dollars ($11 billion).

3. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s Restlessness Causes Movement of Tectonic Plates:  Earthquakes

4. LOCATION MAP: CHRISTCHURCH

5. THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND PACIFIC SUBDUCTION ZONE

6. FAULT ZONES IN VICINITY OF NEW ZEALAND

7. M7.1 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES NEAR CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND A DEEP (33 KM) QUAKE LOCATED 50 KM FROM CHRISTCHURCH STRUCK AT 4:00 AM SEPTEMBER 4, 2010

8. EXTENSIVE DAMAGE, BUT NO DEATHS The earthquake caused extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure, but no deaths.

9. DAMAGE: DOWNTOWN CHRISTCHURCH

10. CHRISTCHURCH: DAMAGE SEPT 4, 2010

11. DAMAGE: BEFORE AND AFTER

12. RAIL LINES

13. NEW ZEALAND MOTORWAY

14. LANDSLIDE

15. EARTHQUAKE STRIKES CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND A SHALLOW (4.1 KM), M6.3 QUAKE LOCATED 5 KM FROM CHRISTCHURCH (USGS) STRUCK AT NOON ON FEBRUARY 24 TH

16. THIS QUAKE: AN AFTERSHOCK OF THE 4 SEPT 2010 QUAKE Christchurch was hit by hundreds of aftershocks after the M7.1 earthquake of 4 September 2010, which caused extensive damage and injuries, but no deaths.

17. EPICENTRES OF THE TWO EARTHQUAKES

18. SEISMICITY MAP: VICINITY OF CHRISTCHURCH

19. PHILIPPINO SEISMOLOGIST: LOOKS AT SEISMOGRAMS IN MANILA

20. THE 4.1-KM DEPTH MADE THIS EARTHQUAKE MORE DAMAGING

21. SOCIETAL IMPACTS EXACER- BATED BY SHALLOW DEPTH Strong ground shaking toppled tall buildings and churches on a busy weekday, killing at least 166 people, severing communi- cation lines, and leaving the centre of the city looking like “a war zone” and unusable.

22. INTENSITY MAP: CHRISTCHURCH

23. CHRISTCHURCH CITY CENTRE: “A WAR ZONE”

26. PYNE GOULD GUINESS BUILDING: COLLAPSED

27. COLLAPSED BUILDING; CHRISTCHURCH

28. DAMAGE: CHRISTCHURCH CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL

29. COLLAPSE: A BAPTIST CHURCH

30. CRUSHED CARS: CHRISTCHURCH

31. BARACADED BUILDING; CHRISTCHURCH

32. INTERIOR CONTENTS

33. TRAPPED IN RUBBLE More than 100 people, including as many as a dozen visiting Japanese students, are thought to be trapped in the rubble.

34. SEARCH AND RESCUE Despite darkness and drizzling rain, rescue crews with sniffer dogs (and eventually heavy equipment) fanned out across the city in search of survivors, some of whom were sending text and phone messages from beneath the rubble.

35. SEARCH AND RESCUE WORKERS

36. UNUSUAL PHYSICAL IMPACTS 40 million tons of ice were separated from Tasman Glacier located 120 mi from the epicentre, and flooding occurred in Bexley, a suburb of Christchurch.

37. 40 MILLION TON ICE CHUNK DISLODGED FROM TASMAN GLACIER

38. DISLODGED ICE IN TASMAN LAKE

39. CHRISTCHURCH SUBURB, BEXLEY, FLOODED

40. POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TIME FOR A NEW EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO AND A POLICY REVIEW: TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EARTH- QUAKES EXPECTED LOSS