1. Section 12.4
Spread of Protestantism Big Ideas: Different forms of Protestantism emerges.

2. Divisions in Protestantism
Peace of Augsburg -Christian unity lost. Next divisions in protestant faith.
Zwinglian Reformation
Ulrich Zwingli-priest in Zurich
council of Zurich- religious reforms.
No relics/images-white walls only
service -scripture reading, prayer, & sermons
Joined forces with Martin Luther
Catholics vs. Protestants =war
Zwingli –killed
Protestant leader in Switzerland became -John Calvin.
Ulrich Zwingli was a priest in Zurich. The city council of Zurich began to introduce religious reforms. And the church service consisting of scripture reading, prayer, and sermons replace the Catholic mass. His movement began to spread to cities in Switzerland and he sought an alliance with Martin Luther. Essentially religious war broke out in Switzerland and his army was defeated. His enemies killed him, cut up his body, burned the pieces, and scattered the ashes. Leadership of Protestant faith in Switzerland now passed to John Calvin.

3. John Calvin French Priest, became protestant leader Doctrines
Justification by faith
Nature of God all powerful
Predestination-(predetermined saved & damned )
Strict moral discipline (no dancing, singing, swearing, & playing cards)
The Consistory-enforced protestant Doctrines.
In Geneva
God’s “Chosen people”-spread faith
Was french-fleed because protestant
Faith alone and not good works can bring salvation
Saw themselves as “chosen people”
crusaders- job to build a Christian society
No fighting, no swearing, no dancing, not theatres
Get rid of all temptations
Teachings very similar to Luther
1.) Church control that
is not corrupt-
Complete Theocracy
2.) Predestination
3.) Sinner and Saint
-Sinner- can’t overcome sin
- Saint- overcome sin

4. Church of England Political Reasons (Quest for Son)
1527= Henry VIII - King of England-wants a son
1st wife Catherine of Aragon-Daughter (Mary Tudor)
Henry wanted annulment- to marry Anne Bolyn (2nd wife)
Pope says “no”/ English church court says” yes”
Marries Anne=baby girl (Elizabeth I)
1534 breaks from Catholic church
Creates Church of England- Henry Leader (Act of Supremacy)
Thomas Moore (Christian Humanist) did not agree -beheaded.
Click on Henry to show video 2:04 min
Pope said no
Why?
Didn’t want to anger Catherine's nephew Charles V = H.R.E. & Spain
Created the church of England-Protestant
Pope not in charge – Henry has the power
- annuls marriage to wife
- married Anne Boleyn (Catherine’s lady
in waiting)
- daughter- Elizabeth
Accuses Anne Boleyn of being unfaithful and locks Anne in Tower of London- executed for adultery
Henry married 4 more times
Son Edward- sickly, weak (1537
Edward VI took the throne
1554 Edward dies at 16.
Thomas Moore
Utopia- explains how life would be if no government corruption
Put more faith in church than government
Henry VIII killed him for his beliefs
henry remained close to catholic teachings but did have the wealth of the church and monasteries sold to merchant and landowners. –gained support for new church.

5. Mary Tudor Mary dies=Elizabeth I (Queen) Henry VIII dies
Edward (king)-keeps Church of England- dies at 16
Mary Tudor –Queen (aka Bloody Mary)
Pushes Catholic faith
persecuted Protestants( 300 burned)
Hates Elizabeth (1/2 sister &Protestant)
Mary dies=Elizabeth I (Queen)
Protestant
Compromise Catholics & Protestant
Reforms Church of England
Mary Tudor
Henry VIII dies
Edward (king)-keeps Church of England he dies and mary takes over
Pushes Catholic faith
Hates Elizabeth
- ships her to Woodstock
- Elizabeth prettier
- persecuted Protestants
= “Bloody Mary”
Elizabeth

6. Reformation Spreads
Anabaptist- radical group (Quakers, Mennonites, Amish)
- ideas=
1. adult baptism-all equal –(all could be ministers or spiritual leaders-no usually women)
2. religious toleration-but persecuted by Catholics & Protestants
3. separation church & state
In both the Luther and Henry VIII and Elizabeth had made the government played a strong role in church affairs
Some did not agree the Anabaptist
Believed in adult baptism and making the choice unlike infant in catholic and Lutheran.
All believers equal-new testament
All members could be ministers if wanted
no political authority over real Christians
did not bear arms or hold political office-thou shall not kill
. God created everything so no private property

7. Reformation and Society
During reformation lives women &Jewish people did not improve.
Women &Family
Protestants
family center of life.
women obedient & bear children.
Anti-Semitism
Martin Luther expected Jews to convert to Lutheranism-they resisted
synagogues & houses destroyed.
segregated ghettos.
Witch hunts- Agents of Devil (poor, beggars, widows, midwives)
Clergy can marry family life center
Luther says husband has rule , wife obedient
Witch hunts
- agents of the devil
- had to blame someone
- prove you are not a witch- if you
survived it meant you were a witch, otherwise you died

8. Catholic Reformation
3 pillars; Jesuits, reform of papacy, Council of Trent
Jesuits
Loyal to pope
Intelligent-education to spread message
Pope Paul III- stop corruption in church
Council of Trent
Faith & good works =salvation
7 sacraments (kept Eucharist & celibate clergy)
Kept idea of purgatory & indulgences(couldn’t sell)
The Catholic Church also had a reformation in the 16th century, giving a new strength and enabling it to regain much that it had lost. Three chief pillars; the Jesuits, reform of the papacy, and the Council of Trent supported the Catholic Reformation.
Ignatius of Loyola =jesuits
Loyal to pope missionaries –spread thoughout world
1545 Pope Paul III
- Revive Morals
- stop corruption=
(indulgences)
Went over every aspect of Catholic Church
salvation- faith + good deeds (need to help out fellow man and practice good deeds.)
Bible- major source
visions, miracles, etc= additional
sources
Penalties against corruption
-INQUISITION- you have to prove you’re a
good Christian
-brought back from the Middle Ages

9. Section 4 Review
His Consistory punished people who misbehaved, oversaw Genevans’ moral life and doctrinal purity, and operated as a court.
Calvin
The belief that God determined in advance who would be saved
Predestination
He dissolved Catholic monasteries, had Thomas More beheaded, and had his marriage to Catherine ruled “null and void.”
King Henry VIII

10. Section 4 Review The damned The reprobate
Believed the church and state should be separate.
Anabaptists
Meetings that reaffirmed Catholic teachings
The Council of Trent
He believed in the “eternal decree” of an all-powerful God.
John Calvin

11. Section 4 Review Believers in adult baptism Anabaptists
They believed they were doing God’s work, they were determined to spread their faith to other people?
Calvinists
Declared a marriage invalid
Annul