1. Lesson 1: Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

2. Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

3. Key Terms Joint-stock company Virginia Company John Smith John Rolfe
Cash crop
Tobacco
Powhatan
House of Burgesses
Bacon’s Rebellion
Indentured servant
Slavery

4. What we want to know Why was Jamestown founded?
How did geography impact the development of Virginia?
What was the relationship between the colonists and the Native Americans?
What allowed Jamestown to prosper?
How was self-government developing in Jamestown?

5. Motivation for founding Jamestown
Money
Promise of gold for King James & English government
Land for small farmers pushed off their land
Land & wealth for younger sons who couldn’t inherit
More than a few of the early explorers were younger sons on a quest for wealth and fame

6. Early Efforts at Colonization & theLost Colony of Roanoke
First effort: Newfoundland
Roanoke – founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh off coast of Virginia
Croatoan

7. Founding of Jamestown
April 1607 Jamestown founded by a group of investors who formed The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company
The goal was to get rich quick. No one was thinking of long-term settlement
Jamestown became the 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas

8. Founding of Jamestown: The Colonists
Most were single men
Few had any practical skills like a knowledge of farming, carpentry, etc.
They planned to find gold and return to England
John Smith
Took over the colony in 1608
Pocahontas –Powhatan people help colonists at first
“He who shall not work shall not eat.”

9. Pocahontas Rebecca Rolfe

10. Founding of Jamestown Conditions were terrible
Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria
Colonists died of disease, malnutrition, & starvation
Many spent time looking for gold rather than storing food & building shelter

11. Founding of Jamestwon The “Starving Time,” Winter 1609-160
Only 60 of the 400 colonists survived (attempted cannibalism)
Colonist raided Native Americans to get food & this increases tensions between the two groups
1610 Remaining colonists try to leave, but are ordered by back by the new governor, Lord De La Warr
1625 Virginia Company was bankrupt & King James made Jamestown part of the royal colony of Virginia
In 1625 only 1200 out of 8,000 who had come to Virginia since 1607 were still alive

12. The English & the Native Americans
Relations remained tense & two major wars were fought
European diseases were the worst enemy of the Native Americans
By 1669, only 10% of the original Native American people who lived in Virginia remained

13. Evolution of Democracy in Virginia
1619 The Virginia Company started the House of Burgesses
Governor appointed men to the H of B, which was the first representative legislature in the colonies
Members had to be male, over 21, and own a certain amount of property

14. Jamestown & Tobacco
Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 1580s & a smoking frenzy began
1612 John Rolfe introduced a hybrid tobacco with a smoother taste
By 1700, Virginia exported 40 million pounds of tobacco per year

15. Impact of Tobacco
Increased the need for land which caused colonists to move west
Increased the need for labor

16. How to get workers to Jamestown?
Head right system – a person who paid for another persons’ ticket to the new world got 50 acres of land
Indentured servants -- a person who could not afford the journey to America agreed to work for 7 to 14 years

17. Who were the indentured servants?
3/4s of Chesapeake Bay colonists were indentured servants
Young, unskilled males
A few were women & children
Masters provided food, clothing, and housing
They were treated like slaves
2 out of 5 died before they finished their indenture
Most went to live on the frontier or returned to England

18. Bacon’s Rebellion Ex-indentured servants live on cheap frontier land
They had lots of conflicts with the Native Americans
They paid high taxes and wanted the governor of Virginia to send the army to protect them
Gov. William Berkley (fur trade) refused to send help when fighting between colonists on the frontier & Native Americans in 1676

19. Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon led the former indentured servants on a march to Jamestown, capital of the Virginia colony
Bacon and the rebels got control of Jamestown
The governor ran away
But Bacon died & the rebellion ended

20. Why is Bacon’s Rebellion important?
Using slaves seemed better than indentured servants
Showed power of "common man“ (an important theme in American history)

21. Lesson 2: The Puritans Settle New England Massachusetts and Rhode Island

22. Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Key Terms
Purify
Puritans
Separatists
Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims
Mayflower Compact
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Port
Electorate
General Court
Dissenter
Roger Williams
Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson
Treaty
Metacom
King Philip’s War

24. The New England Colonies

25. What We Want to Know Why did the Puritans settle New England?
What type of colony was New England?
What was the relationship between the Puritans and the Native Americans?
What kind of government did the New England colonies have?
Why was the colony of Rhode Island founded?
What ended Native American power in New England?
What caused the Salem Witch Trials?

26. Settlement of the New England Colonies
The Puritans
A religious group in England
Wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic rituals
Believed in hard work and community
Some Puritans said purifying the church was impossible, so they would have to separate from the Church of England
These people were called Separatists

27. Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact
Separatists called the Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower.
½ the people on the Mayflower were Pilgrims ½ were not .
Mayflower Compact – document signed by Pilgrim men.
1st document of self-government in America
Pilgrim men would make laws for all colonists

28. Founding of Plymouth Colony

29. Mayflower Compact

30. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded in 1630
Founded by Puritans as a joint-stock company
Puritans wanted religious freedom

31. Society in the New England Colonies
Unlike Jamestown, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were settle by families
Religion was very important.

32. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Government –
The Puritans had town meetings to make laws and decisions about government
Men who owned stock in the Massachusetts Bay Company could vote
Men who belonged to the Puritan church could vote
A large electorate – compared to England
The town meetings were an early form of democracy in America

33. Religious Dissenters in Massachusetts Bay
In Massachusetts the Church controlled the government
Religious difference were not tolerated
Roger Williams disagreed with Puritan Church
Williams said
The Puritans should pay Native American for their land
The government shouldn’t punish people for disagreeing with the Puritan church
The Puritans forced Williams to leave MBC and he founded the colony of Rhode Island.

34. Roger Williams & Native AMericans

35. Religious Dissenters
Anne Hutchinson
Said Christians didn’t need ministers or the church to interpret the Bible
Hutchinson and her family were forced to leave MBC
(Later Hutchinson & her family were killed by Native Americans.)

36. Puritans and Native Americans
Native Americans & Puritans made treaties about using the land
Native Americans believed treaties were for a short time
Puritans believed the treaties were forever
In 1637 there was a war between Native Americans and Puritans over land
Puritans won

37. Puritans and Native Americans
Many Native Americans were poor and had to work for the Puritans and obey Puritan laws
1675 Metacom (King Philip), a Native American leader, started a war against the Puritans
The war was called King Philip’s
The Puritans won and the Native Americans did not challenge (desafio) the Puritans again.

38. The Salem Witch(Bruja) Trials, 1692
Puritan society was very strict – no cursing, no gambling, long church services, lots of rules to follow
Puritans also had to worry about Indian attacks
Puritan girls had very little power in their own lives

39. Salem Witch Trials

40. Salem Witch Trials
1692 young girls began accusing women in Salem of witchcraft (brujeria)
Most people in the 1600s believed in witches
The most important people in town were listening to the girls
19 people were executed for being witches
Finally, the girls accused the wife of the governor

41. Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies: New York & Pennsylvania New Jersey & Delaware

42. The Middle Colonies Key Terms & Vocabulary
Dutch
Netherlands
Diverse (diversity)
Fur
Trade
Proprietary
Quaker
Minister
William Penn
Tolerance

43. The Middle Colonies: What we want to know
Why did the Dutch settle the New Netherlands (New York)?
Why did the Quakers settle Pennsylvania
What kind of societies developed in New York and Pennsylvania?

44. The Middle Colonies: New York
The New Netherlands (New York) were colonized by the Dutch
The Dutch wanted to trade with the Native Americans for furs.
The Dutch let many different types of people settle in New Netherlands, so the New Netherlands had a very diverse population.
Germans, French, Scandinavia, free Africans

45. The Middle Colonies: New York
In the 1660s, the Dutch colony of the New Netherlands separated the Virginia colony from the New England
England took the New Netherlands from the Dutch.
The English renamed the colony New York
The colony became a proprietary colony.

46. The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia
Quakers were religious dissenters.
They believed a church didn’t need a minister.
They did not believe in war.
William Penn was a wealthy Quaker. He wanted to start a colony for Quakers.

47. The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia
Penn’s colony was called Pennsylvania.
Penn had strong beliefs about his colony
No slavery
Religious tolerance
Fair relations with the Native Americans
Penn let people from France, the Netherlands, Germany, and other countries live in Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania was a diverse colony.

48. The Thirteen Colonies New Hampshire 1623
Maryland 1634 – founded for Catholics
Connecticut – 1634
Delaware 1638
North Carolina 1653
South Carolina 1663
New Jersey 1664

49. Home Sweet Home: Georgia
King George III of England gave James Oglethorpe a charter to establish the colony of Georgia
In England in 1700s, people who could not pay debts were sent to jail.
Oglethorpe believed it was better to give people a chance to work and pay their debt
Oglethorpe wanted these people to live in Georgia

50. Georgia
1736 Oglethorpe established his colony on Saint Simon’s Island.
Few debtors actually came
No rum and no slaves
Georgians saw South Carolinians getting rich from rice plantations

51. Lesson 4: England and Her Colonies

52. Lesson 4 Vocabulary Marketplace Raw materials Mercantilism Theory
Self-sufficient
Navigation Acts
Parliament

53. Why did England want colonies?
America provided raw materials
Examples? ? ___________________________
_______________________________________
America was a marketplace for English manufactured products
Mercantilism

54. Mercantilism What is mercantilism? What are the goals of mercantilism?
An economic theory
What are the goals of mercantilism?
To be self-sufficient – a country shouldn’t depend on other countries for anything
To get as much gold and silver as a country can
Is America self-sufficient?

55. Economic Activities in the Colonies
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Shipbuilding
Rum
Fishing
Lumber
Trade
Furs
Wheat
Glass
Livestock
Flax (used to make linen cloth)

56. Economic Activities in the Colonies
Southern Colonies
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo
Wheat
Lumber

57. Navigation Acts
Colonists were selling some products to other European countries. England didn’t like this.
England’s Parliament passed the Navigation Acts – laws to control colonial trade
Some colonists didn’t like the Navigation Acts

58. The Southern Colonies Agricultural economy Patterns of settlement:
Cash crop – one grown primarily for sale
Examples: tobacco, rice cotton, indigo
Very little industry or diversification
Patterns of settlement:
Most Southerners from British Isles or Germans
Plantations & small farms
Crops transported to port cities along South’s many rivers
Result: few cities and towns develop

59. The Southern Colonies: Slavery
Indentured servants & enslaved Indians didn’t meet need for labor
Colonists turned to African slaves
(1690 – 13,000; 1750 – 200,000)

60. The Slave Trade
African slaves used in West Indies on sugar plantations
Triangular Trade
Rum shipped from New England to Africa
Slaves shipped from Africa to West Indies
Sugar & molasses shipped from W. Indies to New England
Middle Passage – passage from Africa to the West Indies
Enslaved Africans shipped in horrible conditions
Up to 20% died on the voyage over

62. Life in the American Colonies
Began full-time work at 12
Most worked in fields
Worked to maintain their culture – dance, song, stories

63. The North The North: Diversified economy
Poor, rocky soil, not good for large farms
(Agriculture does well in the Middle Colonies; e.g. PA)
Industries: fishing, lumber, ship building, rum production
Slavery did exist, but it wasn’t that profitable

64. The North Cities and towns developed
Education – important in New England
More diverse society – Germans, Dutch, British, Scandinavians, Jews, Protestants, Catholics

65. Salem Witch Trials Probably result of social and class tensions
Young girls accused older women
Belief in witches was real
Fear of Native American attacks – preoccupied with death
Probably result of social and class tensions
Ended when girls accused wife of governor of Massachusetts

66. The Great Awakening 1650s- early1700s Puritan church in decline
Puritans prospered and were focusing on money, not God
Half-Way Covenant, 1661
Let children of church members join church even if they couldn’t give required testimony of conversion
1690s – MA had to permit other forms of worship when it became a royal colony

67. Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards, Puritan leader tried to revive the Puritan Church
1730s & 1740s – Wave of religious revivals swept colonies
Number of colonists in church increased dramatically
New denominations – Baptists, Methodists
Christianity brought to slaves
Led to interest in higher education, Ivy Leagues est.
Need for literacy

68. Great Awakening and Revolution
Focus on individual & human reasoning
Questioning of traditional authority

69. French and Indian War,
________and Britain were competing over the Ohio River Valley
(French had settled in Canada for _____ trade)
Brits think French giving Native Americans _________.
1754 – GW sent to evict French citizens from part of ORV
GW defeated & had to surrender his fort
War________________
1st – French winning
British get new Prime Minister who revamped the army
1763 British defeated French at Battle of _________

70. French and Indian War,
Treaty of_________ [1763] ended the war
Britain got all of North America east of Mississippi River, including _________ from Spain
(________ – got French lands west of Miss R.)
(_______ – kept a few small islands off Canada)
Native Americans – British harder to deal with than the ____________
Who won the French and Indian War?

71. Importance of French and Indian War
Proclamation of _____ – no settlement west of Appalachians. If you are there, you _________________
British War ____ – Who is going to pay for the war?
How could this cause problems between the colonies and England?