1. New Ideas and Inventions
Chapter 11 Lesson 4
Pages

2. Brainstorm What are some GREAT inventions you can think of.
How have they made an impact on society?
Brainstorm

3. Explain how canals, steamboats, and railroads improved transportation and shipping
Describe how new inventions led to the Industrial Revolution
Objectives

4. 1700’s What were forms of transportation used?
How did this affect the lives of people?
1700’s

5. TRANSPORTATION Early 1800’s
Appalachians – difficult to transport goods to the east.
Congress votes to build a National Road
1818 – Connects Maryland to West Virginia
Slow & Expensive

6. BOATS – Cheaper & Faster than by Land
Problem: Rivers had changes in elevation along with rapids and waterfalls making boat travel impossible in some locations
BOATS – Cheaper & Faster than by Land

7. CANALS – a human-made waterway that connects bodies of waters.
1817 – NY Governor, DeWitt Clinton, begins work on the Erie Canal (Lake Erie to Hudson River)
Solution. . .

8. The Erie Canal 8 years to build 363 miles long 83 locks
Connected: Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean
Cut shipping time & cost
Example:
Goods from Buffalo to NYC cut from 20 days to 8 days
Cost: $100 to $10

9. LOCK SYSTEM Holds a section of water by two gates.
One gate is opened, the water raises or lowers the boat to the next level of water.
This is how the boats traveled through different elevation levels.

10. Pictures of Miami – Erie Canal
Canal boats are pulled by mules.
Here the boat is inside the lock and will be lowering down due to elevation change.
Pictures of Miami – Erie Canal

11. The canal boat continues to lower due to the water level changing by opening a lock gate.

13. How did the Erie Canal change trade in the nation?
It cut travel time and cost to transport goods.

14. A human-made waterway that connects bodies of water.
What is a canal?
A human-made waterway that connects bodies of water.

15. STEAM ENGINE Steamboats Railroads 1807 Robert Fulton
Used the Steam engine to power his boat Clermont
Steamboats quickly become primary mode of travel on large rivers.
1830
Peter Cooper
Built 1st American locomotive – Tom Thumb
Steam is used to power the locomotive over iron rails.
Grew rapidly – cheaper than steamboat travel
1850 – over 9,000 miles of track
STEAM ENGINE

16. Steam Engines
Creates energy by heating liquid water into steam, which is trapped, creating pressure. Releasing the trapped steam causes pistons to move up and down. These are connected to rods, which are connected to wheels that turn as the pistons move.

17. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
New inventions & travel changed thinking
Machines are used to do work only done by hand until now
Goods made quickly and cheaper
This change in manufacturing became known as The Industrial Revolution.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

18. Britain Industrial Revolution started in Britain
Machines that spun thread into cloth
Placed in factories – Called MILLS
Water powered the machines
Wanted it kept secret.
Machines & the workers were never allowed to leave Britain.
Britain

19. A spy within. . . Samuel Slater, mill worker
Memorized every detail of the machine and mill
Sneaked aboard a ship to U.S.
1793 – Slater along with Moses Brown built 1st American textile mill in Pawtucket, RI
A spy within. . .

21. Change in U.S.
Slater & Brown’s Mill marks the start of large scale manufacturing in the United States.
People stop working at home and start working in factories.
Most workers are women and children.

22. 1814 – Francis Cabot Lowell Mill in Waltham, Mass.
Did all jobs to make raw cotton into finished cloth.
Workers lived in nearby houses owned by the mill.

23. Factory effects . . . Most factories in the North
Men, Women, and Children worked
Lowell mill paid only $12 a month
But better than poor farm work
European immigrants arrived and settled near factories
South remained agricultural
Factory effects . . .

24. COTTON GIN
1793
Eli Whitney
Removes seeds from cotton (until now done by hand)
Effect: more enslaved workers needed

25. Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney
Parts that are made exactly alike
Used interchangeable parts for guns
Until now, made one at a time by a skilled worker
Effect: Now could be mass produced.

26. Mechanical Reaper
1832
Cyrus McCormick
Used to harvest grain

27. Steel Plow
1837
John Deere
Steel plow allowed farmers to cut through heavy soil in Midwest.

28. Telegraph 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse
Sent messages along a wire using a dot and dash code system
This becomes known as Morse Code

29. Cause: Because of the Industrial Revolution
Effect: Many people moved from farms to cities to work. The U.S. was becoming an industrial power.

30. How did railroads improve life for people in the U.S.?
They made it easier to ship goods and for people to travel.

31. What invention led to the increase of slaves on plantations?
Cotton Gin

32. Give an example of how a new invention of the Industrial Revolution changed the lives of Americans?
Cotton Gin – made it possible to remove the seeds from cotton faster. This results in increased crop production and the need for slaves.
Interchangeable Parts – made it easier to mass produce weapons, which reduced their cost for initial production and to replace parts as needed.

33. With your neighbor, discuss Another effect of the
Industrial Revolution.
Go back to your invention list.
What is the effect of modern
Day inventions on everyday
Life.

34. THE END