1. Cell Structure Organelles

2. B. Organelles (little organs) 1. Control a. Nucleus -contains genetic material -stores DNA -surrounded by a double membrane with pores -directs all cell activities -contains the nucleolus

3. 2. Energy Related i. Chloroplast (in plants only) -Green -Contains pigment chlorophyll -Site of photosynthesis

4. 2. Energy Related (cont.) b. Mitochondria - “powerhouse of the cell” - Site of cellular respiration - Where ATP is formed

5. 3. Membranous Sacs & Canals a. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -miniature circulatory system -series of tubular canals -serves to transport materials Smooth ER- transports lipids Rough ER-transports proteins

6. b. Ribosomes -small spherical structures -made of RNA -site of Protein Synthesis -may be free (in cytoplasm) or -attached (on the rough ER)

7. c. Vacuole -sac -used for storage (food, water, etc.) -1 large in all plants, - several small in only some animals

8. d. Lysosome -storage sac -contains digestive enzymes - “suicide bag” Ex. Membranes present between fingers and toes in early embryos

9. e. Golgi Body (Complex/Apparatus) -series of flattened sacs (disc-like) -packages cell secretions (products) Ex. Goblet Cell & Mucous

10. 4. Cytoskeleton & Movement -give support and internal structure to cell -aid in moving organelles (form a track) -give support & internal structure to cell -important in muscle cell contraction

11. d. Flagellum -only on animal cells -long hair-like projection in whip-like motion -used to propel the cell -made of microtubules

12. e. Cilia -only in animal cells -used to propel cells (uses an oar-like motion) -used in organisms to move materials Ex. Line respiratory tract and move debris move egg cells down the fallopian tube

13. Plant vs. Animal Cells Cell wall Rigid shape Chloroplasts 1 large vacuole Lacks cell wall Flexible shape No chloroplasts Several small vacuoles Cilia & flagella may be present